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Alan's lecture - Pharmacology > CVS 2 > Flashcards

CVS 2 Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

ischemic heart disease is split into chronic arterial disease and acute coronary syndromes. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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2
Q

what does chronic alterial disease have?

A
  • stable agina
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3
Q

hwat does acute coronary syndrome have?

A
  • Unstabel agina
  • Non ST elevated myocardial infraction
  • ST elevated myocradial infratcion
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4
Q

what is iscehmic heart disease?

A
  • heart disease caused by reduced blood flow to the heart region
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5
Q

The resulting symptoms of Ischemic heart disease is Angina. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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6
Q

what occurs in stable agina?

A
  • The vessel is partly blocked
  • Pain and breathleness
  • Pain goes away after resting
  • No cardiac cell death
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7
Q

what occurs in unstable angina?

A
  • plaque ruptures causing platelets to aggregate which leads to further blockage
  • Pain usually does nto go away affter rest
  • No cardiac cell death
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8
Q

What occurs in the two types of myocardial infarction

A

Non ST elevelated myocardial infacrtion

  • vessels are blocked but not compeletly - there is still some blood flow
  • You a small area of tissue death

ST elevated myocardial infacrtion

  • Compeleteblockage of vessel
  • leads to large area tissue death
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9
Q

What are the treatment goals for stable angina?

A
  • Improve coronary blood flow

- decrease cardiac oxygen demande

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10
Q

What is the treatment goals for unstable angina and NSTEMI?

A
  • Prevent futher formation of thrombus

- Porvide symptom relief

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11
Q

what are the treatment goals for STEMI?

A
  • re-establish perfusion

- Symptom relief

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12
Q

what are the treatment options for stable angina?

A
  • Organic nitrates
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13
Q

how do organic nitrates help improve symptms of angina?

A
  • Organic nitrates produce - NO
  • This causes arterial dilation
  • Venous dilation - which is the main therapeutic effect
  • The effects of these improves blood flow to the heart
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14
Q

NO causes vascular smooth muscle relaxation - this is how it reliefs symptoms of angina. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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15
Q

Provide an example of nitrate drug used for treatmenr of stable angina?

A
  • Glycerol trinitrate - prefered choice/ fast onset of action t1/2 5min
  • can be given buccal (given in emergencies), sublingual and transdermal patch
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16
Q

Isosorbide mononitrate has slow onset of action (low first pass metabolism) . true or false?

A

true

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17
Q

Isosorbide dinitrate has fast first pass metabolism. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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18
Q

Nitrates increase heparin. TREU OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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19
Q

What are the ADRs for nitrates?

A
  • Hypotension

- diziness flushing

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20
Q

what are the drug interactions with nitrates?

A
  • PDE inhbitors

- Diuretics - hypotensive effects

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21
Q

B adrenergic antangonists reduce myocardial oxygen demand. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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22
Q

B2 partial agonists and a1 antagonists cause vasodilation. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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23
Q

Give a drug name for B adrenergic antagonist?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Propanolol B1 and B2 non-selective
24
Q

atelnolol and metorprolol are B1 selective antangonist. TRUE OR FALSE?

25
Propanolol is a B1 and B2 non selective. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
26
B adrenergic antagonists are indicated for prophylatic treatment of angina which reduces cardiac workleoad. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
27
why is pindolol useful? -
It inhibits tachycardia while minimizing bradycardia
28
pindolol is a B1 partial agonists. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
29
what are some ADRs for B adrnergic antagonists? -
- bronchoconstriction especially in asthma - Bradycardia - erectile dysfunction - Sleep disturbance
30
Some B adrenergic antagonists can mask signs of hypoglycemia and should be used in caution with patients with diabetes. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
31
What are some drug interaction of B adreneragic antagonists?
- not to be used with verapamil
32
what are ca2+ channle blockers used for?
For prophylactic frequent angina attacks
33
what are the vascular effects that Dihydro - pyridines has?
- Lowers workload - Arterial dilation - lowers O2 demand
34
what effects does varepamil have?
- Lowers work load and O2 demands
35
Verapamil has cardiac and vascular effects, while Dihydro-pyridine only has vascular effects. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
36
Calcium channel blockers have their effects mostly on ateries whilst Nitrates have their effects on veins. TRUE OR FLASE?
TRUE
37
Ca2+ channel blockers reduce the rate and contractility of the heart. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
38
Inhibition of cardiac myocyte contraction leads to reduced workload and less O2 demand. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
39
Ca2+ channel blockers - block action potential at AV node which reduces contractility further, thus reducing workload. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
40
Provide an example of a dihydropyriidines ca2+ channle blocker?
-Amlodipine - lonh half life 30-60hr
41
Short acting dihydropyridines have increased risk of M.I and hence increased O2 demands. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
42
Grape fruit juice should be avoided with Dihydropyridines as there are several potential interactions with CYt P450 dependent drugs. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
43
Diltiazem is indicated for hypertension and prophylactic angina. TRUE OR FALSE?
- TRUE
44
What is verapamil indicated for?
- Supraventricular tachycardia
45
Verapamil is not first choice but can also be used to treat prophylactic angina and hypertension. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
46
What are the ADRs for verapamil?
- Bradycardia | - Hypotention
47
The Drug interactions of Verapamil are the same as Diltiazem, but verapamil has intrecations with grape fruit juice. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
48
K+ channel openers are indicated for treatment of angina. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
49
K+ channel openers are also NO donors - they are used when nitrates become a problem. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
50
What are the contraindications, interations and ADRs for K+ channel openers?
ADRs - reflex tachycardia - Flushing, headaches Contrandicated: - cariogenic shock Intrections: - Sildenafil
51
What are the 4 typesof treatment options for stable angina?
- Nitrates - B adrenergic antangonists - Ca2+ channel blockers - K+ channel openers
52
How todo you avoid M.I?
- lifestyle changes - Apsirin - blood thinner - Angioplasty - statins - reduces blood cholesterol
53
What are the treatment options for unstable angina?
- Inhibit platete aggregating - aspirin, heparin , ca2+ channel blockers - ACE inhibitors e.g ramipril - Nitrates to provide symtpom relief - Cholestrol reduction - Angioplasty
54
What is acute myocardial infarction?
- Occlusion of the arteris leading to cardiac tissue death
55
What treatments can be given for M.I?
- Aspirin - anti-platetel aggreagation - ACE - inhibitors - Diuretics - Thrombolytics - alteplase - Anti-emetics - Anti-coagulants - heparin and warfirin

Alan's lecture - Pharmacology (16 decks)

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