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Alan's lecture - Pharmacology > CVS 3 > Flashcards

CVS 3 Flashcards

1
Q

what is hypertention?

A
  • Sustained b.p more than 140/90 mm hg
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2
Q

high bp causes organ damage. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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3
Q

what is the treatment goal for hypertention?

A
  • To prevent ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, heart failure, arrythmias
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4
Q

what are the non-pharmacological treatment options?

A
  • Stop smoking
  • Diet
  • weigth control
  • Exercise
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5
Q

what are the three parameters that control b.p?

A
  • Blood volume
  • cardiac output
  • Vascular resistance
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6
Q

what is cardiac output dependent upon?

A
  • The contractility of the heart and the frequency which the heart beats which is controlled by the sympathetic nervous system - this determines the stroke volume
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7
Q

what is preload?

A
  • The volume of fluid thats returned to the heart
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8
Q

what is preload dependent upon?

A
  • The total blood volume and contractility of the venous capactance vessels returning blood to the heart
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9
Q

the sympathetic nervous system is key to regulating the three parameters that control B.P (blood volume, cardiac output and vascular resistance). TREU OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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10
Q

what does the equation MAP=CO*TPR stand for?

A
  • Mean arterial pressure = cardiac output * total peripheral reistance
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11
Q

diuretic drusg cannot be used for the treatment of hypertension. TRUE OR FLASE?

A

FALSE

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12
Q

Thiaide like diuretics are most efficacious for treating hypertention e.g metolazone. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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13
Q

How do thiazide like diuretics work as antihypertensive drugs?

A
  • They reduce water volume in blood which leads to a decrease in BP
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14
Q

which of the diuretics are not effective at treating hypertension?

A
  • Loop diuretics
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15
Q

why should K+ sparing diuretics be avoided for treatmet of hypertension? e.g spirinalactone

A
  • Leads to hypokalemia
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16
Q

how do B1 antangonists reduce b.p?

A
  • they reduce heart rate/contractility
  • reduce renal renin secretion
  • inhibits reflex tachycardia caused by vasodilators
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17
Q

B1 anatagonists are contradinicated in heart block and asthma. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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18
Q

Dual a1 and b1 antagonists decrease b.p without bradycardia. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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19
Q

why is gradual withdrawal important for B1 antagonists?

A
  • Can lead to rebound sympathetic stimulation of the heart
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20
Q

B antagonists are not first option except in cases of angina and M.I. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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21
Q

a1 vasoconstrictors important for prevention of posterol hypertension. TRUE OR FALASE?

A

TRUE

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22
Q

B1 antagonists are partial agonists. TREU RO FALSE?

A

TRUE

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23
Q

hwo is reflex tachycardia inhibited?

A
  • By using b1 antagonists
24
Q

why are B antagonist contraindicated in asthma?

A
  • it causes further breathlessnes by causng further bronchoconstriction (blocks B2 receptors)
25
why are B antagonist contraindicated in heart block?
- B receptors control AV node, in heart block AV signals are slowed antagonising this will slow them further
26
how do selective a1 adrenoceptor antagonist work in reducing BP?
- relax arteriolar resistance vessels and dilate venous capacitance
27
selective a1 adrenoceptor antagonist also indicated for prostatic hyperplasia. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
28
what are some of the ADRs for selective a1 antagonist?
- reflex tachycardia - lethargy - postural hypotension
29
what are selective a1 adrenoceptor antagonist drug interations?
- B antagonist | - Diuretics
30
what are a2 adrenergic agonist selective for?
- a2
31
a2 adrenergic agonist avoids sympathomimetic effects. TREU RO FALSE?
TRUE
32
how do a2 adrenergic agonist work?
- Inhibit sympathetic output from CNS by inhibiting NE release
33
Methyldopa (a2 adrenergic agonist) is a pro-drug that is metabolised to methylnorepinephrine in CNS. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
34
methyldopa has no effect on renal blood flow so can be used in patiets with renal disease. TRUE RO FALSE?
TRUE
35
methyldopa does not causes hepatoxicity. TRUE RO FFALSE?
FALSE
36
hwo do imidazoline receptor agonist work?
- Inhibit sympathetic output
37
1,4 dihydropyridines is a ca2+ channel blocker that is vascular selective. TRUE OR FLASE?
TRUE
38
1,4 dihydropyridines causes arterial vasodilation. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
39
verapamil is a ca2+ channel blocker that is less vascular selective. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
40
what is negative chronotropic?
- Reduced firing of SA and AV block (Reduced CO)
41
what is a negative inotrop?
- reduced ca2+ influx inhibits contractility (reduced CO)
42
verapimil is contraindicated in patients with cardiac failure. TREU RO FALSE?
TRUE
43
How doe ACE inhibitors treat hypertension?
- Reduce angiotensin 2 | - Leads to vasoconstriction/ leads to vasodilation
44
give an example prodrug of ACE inhibitors?
- Enalapril (pro-drug) | - Enalaprilat (active)
45
WHta are ACE inhibitors indicated for?
- Hypertention - Heart failure (MI) - diabetic nepropathy
46
what are some ADRs for ACE inhibitors?
- hypotension - Hyerkalemia - Coughs
47
what are some drug interactions with ACE inhibitors?
- other drugs that reduce BP - K+ sparing diuretics (hyperkalemia) - NSAIDS
48
Describe the interaction between k+ sparing diuretics and ACE inhibitor leading to hyperkalemia?
- ACE inhibitors and K+ sparing diuretics both reduces adolsterone production which lead to less K+ being excreted and hence hyperkalemia
49
describe the interactions between NSAIDS and ACE inhibitors?
- ACE inhibitors work on efferent rather afferent, so reduce glomerular pressure and filtration rate
50
Angiotensin 2 receptor antagonists has similar action to ACE inhibitors but no effect on BK metabolism. treu or false?
true
51
Losartan is the first angiotensin 2 antangonist to be use dthrapeutically. TREU RO FLASE?
TRUE
52
what are some ADRs for angiotensin 2 antagonists?
- hypotension | - lower incidence of coughs compared to ACE inhibitors
53
what are drug intercation of angiotensin 2 antagonists?
- With other bp lowering drugs - Hyperkalemia with K+ sparing diuretics - NSAIDs antagonise hypotensive effects of angiotensin 2 antagonists
54
What are some of the combination therapy used fpr treatment?
- B antagonist and dihydropyridines ca2+ blockers - ACE inhibitors and diuretics - ACE inhibitors and ca2+ channel blockers
55
patients with angina, b blockers or ca2+ blockers would be appropriate but not in patients with cardiac failure. TREU RO FALSE?
TREU
56
diuretics should be aboided in patients with diabetes and gout. TREU OR FALSE?
TRUE

Alan's lecture - Pharmacology (16 decks)

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