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Alan's lecture - Pharmacology > Oncology 2 > Flashcards

Oncology 2 Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

What are trageted therapy?

A
  • They inhibi specific pathways that are actiavted in cancer
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2
Q

Targeted therapies have much more fewer ADRs than chemotherapies hwich are poisions. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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3
Q

What can cause cancer?

A
  • External mutagens e.g UV light and smoking
  • Internal mutagens e.g the enviornment
  • Intrisic errors - which are errors in the DNA replications
  • All these can lead to mutations and hence cancer
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4
Q

Germline mutations are inherited. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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5
Q

somatic mutations are individualised, but can be passed on during cell division. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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6
Q

What genes are affected in cancer?

A
  • Oncogenes and tumour supressor genes
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7
Q

90% of cancer genes are dominant, 10% can be reccessive. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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8
Q

What does the Knudoson 2 hit hypothesis say?

A
  • You need mutations to occur at both reccesive genes to have cancer
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9
Q

mutated cells (driver mutations) that lead to formation of tumours have a seletive advantage over the mutated cells that did not benefit from the mutation. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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10
Q

What are passenger mutations?

A
  • They have a null effect (neither advs or disadv), but they also be seen with driver mutations but in fewer numbers
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11
Q

You can get resistance before treatment and resistance after treatment? TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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12
Q

What kinase inhibitor drug was first shown to have efficacy in any cancer?

A
  • Imitanib
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13
Q

Nilotinib is 30 times more potent than imitanib. TRUE OR FLASE/

A

TRUE

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14
Q

What are the indications of imatinib, nilotinib and desatinib?

A
  • All indicated for chronic myeloid leukemia

- Imatinib is indicated for GIST

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15
Q

What are the ADRs for imatinib, nilotinib and desatinib?

A
  • Cause myelosupression

- Nelotinib causes prolong QT interval

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16
Q

Chronic myeloid leukemia are primarily driven by BcrABl. treu or false?

A

true

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17
Q

What do proto-oncogenes do?

A
  • Regulate critical cancer relevant pathways
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18
Q

Activation sof proto-oncogenes lead to the cancerous phenotype. true or flase?

A

true

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19
Q

proto-oncogenes are activated by somatic mutations. TRUE OR FLASE?

A

TRUE

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20
Q

Tumour supressors are ativated in cancer. TRUE OR FLASE?

A

FALSE

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21
Q

Drug targets are the regulators of the hallmark of cancer. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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22
Q

Cetuximab recognises the EGF-R
Trastuzumab recognises the HER2 receptor
True or flase?

A

true

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23
Q

-Gefitinib inhibits EGF-R
-Lapatinib inhibits EGF-R and HER2
TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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24
Q

Gefitinib and elortinib both used for NSCLC. treu or flase?

25
What is cetuximab and trastuzumab indicated for?
- Cetixumab: Colorectal cancer with the wild type K-ras | - Trastuzumab: breast cancer and gastric
26
Gefitinib and elortinib are kinase inhibitors. treu or flase?
true
27
Cetuximab and trastuzumab are monoclonal antibodies. TRUE OR FLASE?
TRUE
28
gefitinib, elortinib interact with drugs decreasing gastric pH which leads to the kinase inhibiotrs becoming insoluble. true or false?
true
29
What is sorafenib indicated for?
- Hepocellular carcinoma
30
what is the mechanism of action for sorafenib?
- It inhibits several kinases
31
Verafenib and Dabrafenib are indicated for melanoma. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
32
Everolimus is indicated for renal cancer. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
33
what is the mechanism of action of Everolimus?
- Inhibits mTORC1 which regulates protein translation
34
Palbocibid inhibits Cdk4/6 and is indicated for breats cancer. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
35
What us bevacizumab indicated for?
- Colecteral - Breast - NSCLC - Renal cancer
36
hwo does bevacizumab work?
- Sequestrates VEGF
37
What is sunitib indicated for?
- GIST and Renal cancer
38
Sunitib inhibits VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
39
What are some ADRs of sunitib?
- yellow skin discoloration
40
Cancer cells are more sensitive to proteasome inhibition. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
41
Proteosome protects the rest of the cell from degrading. true or flase?
true
42
Give an example of a proteosome inhibitor drug?
Bortezomib
43
What is bortezomib indicated for?
- multiple Myeloma
44
Name a DNA damage repair inhibitor?
- Olaparib
45
Olaparib a PARP inhibitor. true or false?
true
46
olaparib kills BRCA null cells. true or false?
true
47
what is synthetic lethality?
- combinding the factors leads to cell death
48
combindding olaparib and BRCA null cells leads to cell death. true or false?
- true
49
Single strand DNA damage repair pathay depend upon PARP. true or false?
true
50
Epigenic regulation is Covalent modifiation of histones and DNA that alter gene expression via mutations, amolification and deletion. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
51
There are different residues within the histones that can become methylated or acetylated. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
52
What are CpG island?
- Region in genome enriched in CG nucleotide repeats
53
If CgP genes become methylated this silences the gene expression If not methylated thet promote gene expression leading to transcription. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
54
How does Decitabine a demethylating agent work?
- Inhibits methylation of cytosines
55
vismodegib a hedgehog pathway is teratogenic. TRUE OR FALSE?
-TRUE
56
Ipilimab is a monoclonal antibody against CTLA4. true or false?
true
57
Ipilimab is teratogenic. true or false?
true
58
Rituximab is a non-hogkins indicated with B cell malignancies. true or false?
true

Alan's lecture - Pharmacology (16 decks)

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