CVS Physio

Question 1

Blood in umbilical vein
PO2:
SpO2:

Answer 1

Po2 of 30 mmHg

80% saturated with 02.

Question 2

Allantois - urachus
Umbilical arteries
Umbilical vein

Answer 2

Median umbilical ligament
Medial umbilical ligaments
Ligamentum teres hepatis (round ligament)

Question 3

Vitelline veins
Cadinal veins
Umbilical veins

Answer 3

portal
systemic veins
degenerate

Question 4

Vein of heart that donot join coronary sinus?

Answer 4

Anterior coronary vein

Question 5

Crista terminalis separates ? ans it is site of origin of?

Answer 5

Smooth sinus venosus from atrial appandage and atria proper

Pectinate muscles

Question 6

Effect of hyponatrimia on contractility?

Answer 6

↓ extracellular Na+ (↓ activity of Na+/Ca2+ exchanger) → ↑ Contractility

Question 7

Relations of Pulse pressure:

Answer 7

PP directly proportional to SV and inversely proportional to arterial compliance.

Question 8

period of highest 0 2 consumption in PV loop:

Answer 8

Isovolumetric contraction-period between mitral valve closing and aortic valve opening;

Question 9

period of highest 0 2 consumption in PV loop:

Answer 9

Isovolumetric contraction-period between mitral valve closing and aortic valve opening;

Question 10

x descent- Reduced or absent in

Answer 10

tricuspid regurgitation and right HF because pressure gradients are reduced.

Question 11

y descent-
Prominent in ,

absent in

Answer 11

constrictive pericarditis

cardiac tamponade

Question 12

MR effect on SV, EF, CO

Answer 12

↑ SV
↑ EF

↓CO (forward flow)

Question 13

Aortic stenosis pulse?

Answer 13

“Pulsus parvus et tardus” - pulses are weak with a delayed peak

Question 14

BEDDAR

Answer 14

Blowing early diastolic decesendo murmur–AR

Question 15

MR severity is best indicated by?

Answer 15

S3

Question 16

Bounding pulse seen in?
carotid?
brachial/ulnar/radial?

Answer 16

AR
Corrigan’s pulse
Watson’s water hammer pulse

Question 17

Duroziez sign?

Answer 17

AR

“to and fro” bruit appreciated at femoral artery with bell

Question 18

de Musset sign

Answer 18

Head bobbing with carotid pulsations

Question 19

Abrupt distention and collapse
Carotid?
Femoral

Answer 19

Pistol shot

Traube sign

Question 20

Loss of dicrotic notch in?

Answer 20

AR

Question 21

SA/AV node membrane potential never reaches lower tha -60mV due to….

Why no Na channel activity?

Answer 21

fewer inward rectifier K+ channels

Na Channels need -85mV to function

Question 22

Phase 4 of SA/AV node?

Answer 22

Slow spontaneous diastolic depolarization of If

Question 23

QRS complex is taller than T wave because:

Answer 23

Phase 0 is faster than phase 3. (depends on rate of change in membrane potential)

Question 24

Arrythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy:
pathology?

Complication?

Mutation?

Answer 24

Fibrofatty replacement of RV myocardium → Fibrosis and scarring of RV

Ventricular arrythmias, SCD, but no QT prolongation seen

impaired desmosome function due to mutation in genes encoding desmosomal protein (plakoglobin, desmoplakin)

Question 25

Treatment of A fib in WPW syndrome? contraindication

Answer 25

Procainamide, Ibutilide ABCD

Question 26

Nerve affected with LA RA

Answer 26

Recurrent laryngeal RA: Phrenic nerve

Question 27

Origin of idiopathic VT?

Answer 27

RV outflow tract | papillary muscles

Question 28

In AVNRT ____ pathway is targeted for radiofrequency ablation?

Answer 28

Slow

Question 29

Sick sinus syndrome:

Answer 29

``` Bradycardia Sinus pause (Delayed P-wave) Sinus arrest (dropped P wave) ```

Question 30

ANP/BNP cause ↓ Na reabsorption at_____ Recombinant form of BNP?

Answer 30

Collecting tubules Nesiritide

Question 31

GIT vasodilation? constriction?

Answer 31

Parasympathetic induced intestinal vasodilation occures in response to digestive chyme passing over intestinal mucosa Sympathetic tone → Vasoconstriction during exercise or hypovolemia

Question 32

Hepatic blood flow regulated by?

Answer 32

Hepatic stellate cells via release of Local metabolites

Question 33

lymphatic blockage causes edema due to?

Answer 33

↑ interstitial fluid colloid osmotic/oncotic pressure

Question 34

Austin flint murmur

Answer 34

Functional mitral stenosis due to obstruction by aortic regurgitataion