CVS patho Flashcards

(48 cards)

1
Q

Shunts in patients with intracardiac fistulas are detected and quantified by?

A

Echocardiography with doppler

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2
Q

TOF is Caused by :

A

anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum

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3
Q

differential cyanosis seen in? caused by?

A

Uncorrected PDA→ can eventually result in late cyanosis in the lower extremities, clubbing without pulse and BP discrepancy

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4
Q

PDA closure:
Physiologic
Anatomic

A

Physiologic at 18-24 h

Anatomical: days to weeks

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5
Q

Left to right intracardiac shunts can be identified by?

A

bubble study with echocaediography

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6
Q

Complications of Coarctation of aorta include

A
  1. HF,
  2. ↑ risk of cerebral hemorrhage (berry aneurysms)
  3. aortic rupture
  4. possible endocarditis
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7
Q

Williams syndrome Congenital heart defect

A

Supravalvular aortic stenosis

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8
Q

22q 11 syndromes Congenital heart defect

A
  1. Truncus arteriosus,

2. tetralogy of Fallot

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9
Q

Marfan syndrome Congenital heart defect

A
  1. MVP,
  2. thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection,
  3. aortic regurgitation
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10
Q

Young age, alternating areas of fibrotic web and aneurysmal dilation + lack of intima:

A

Fibromuscular dysplasia

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11
Q

Isolated systolic HTN in which conditions?

A
  1. Age
  2. Aortic regurgitation
  3. Anemia
  4. Hyperhyroidism
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12
Q

HTN nephrosclerosis will cause ↑ EPO or ↓ EPO production?

A

↓ EPO → Anemia

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13
Q

What is use of Diuretic in chronic lymphedema?

A

Contraindicated as it cause intravascular volume depletion which is already depleted → AKI

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14
Q

Needle shaped clefts in arterioles:

organs affected?

A

Atheroembolization

GIT, SKIN, CNS, Renal

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15
Q

Total coronary artery Ca content correlates with:

Ca scoring by cardiac CT scan is used to ____

A

total atherosclerotic plaque burden

estimate the severity of coronary artery disease

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16
Q

Abdominal aortic aneurysm underlying pathology:

A

↑ inflammatory infilterates and ROS formation by smoke:

  1. Transmural inflammation of aortic wall
  2. Apoptosis of vascular smooth muscles
  3. Degradation of extracellular matrix proteins (elastin and collagen) by metalloproteinases
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17
Q

Painful pulsatile mass + Systemic signs (fever, malaise)

A

Mycotic aneurysm : Septic emboli or bacteremic seeding

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18
Q

Aortic dissection trigger:

Associations:

A

Longitudinal intimal tear

(HTN, bicuspid aortic valve, Marfan syndrome)→ Risk factors of TAA

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19
Q

SCD can be prevented by

A

Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator

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20
Q

Lightening strike ► Death within 1 hours due to?
1.
2.

Type of burn

ANS damage leads to

A
  1. Cardiac arrythmias
  2. Respiratory failure

Superficial burn

Fixed dilated pupil

21
Q

Skin lesion in lightening strike

A

Lichtenberg figure (erythmatous cutaneous marks in a fern-leaf pattern)

22
Q

Stable angina pharmacotherapy used for stress test?

Results?

A

Dobutamine

Supply demand mismatch → transient ↓ in contractility → ↓EF

23
Q

Loss of cardiac myocytes contractility occurs with in ______ after total ischemia

24
Q

After 30 mins half of ____ stores are depleted and complete deletion of _______

A

Adenosine

Myocardial glycogen

25
Histology 1-3 days after MI 3-14 days
1-3 days: neutrophils 3-7 days Macrophages 10-12 days prominent granulation tissue with neovascularization
26
Normally R>S waves seen by lead ____ Poor R wave progression is seen in _____
V3 Anterior ischemia
27
Transmural ischemia of septum (V1 V2) results in
Infranodal (mobitz type 2) 2nd degree heart block or 3rd degree heart block. But sinus bradycardia donot occur
28
Gold standard for MI diagnosis in first 6 hours More specific Reinfarction
ECG Troponin I 4. 24. 7-10 days CK-MB 6-12. 16-24. 48h
29
Drugs avoided in inferior wall MI
Beta blocker | nitrates
30
myocardial infarction complication with time
``` 1-3 pericarditis 2-7 papillary muscle rupture 3-5 septum 5-14 free wall 3-14 pseudo aneu >14 true aneu ```
31
Dilated cardiomyopathy treatment
ABDD | Na+ restriction, ACE inhibitors, ~-blockers, diuretics, digoxin, ICD, heart transplant.
32
Physiology of HOCM-
asymmetric septaI hypertrophy and systolic anterior motion of mitral valve
33
peripartum cardiomyopathy (during last month of pregnancy and 5 months after delivery) related to impaired function of______
angiogenic growth factor (VEGF) during peripartum period
34
Cardiac amyloidosis is impaired diastolic filling due to_______ rather than _______
stiffening..........thickening only slight increase in thickness but LV cavity size remains normal
35
Familial DCM: truncating mutation in _____ gene which encode for cardiac_____
TTN..............sacromere protein TITIN
36
Ventricular Hypertrophy ECG:
High voltage ECG large S wave in V1 V2 and large R wave in V5, V6
37
Endocardial fibroelastosis
(thick fibroelastic tissue in endocardium of young children), Restrictive/infiltrative cardiomyopathy
38
Loffler endocarditis-
associated with hypereosinophilic syndrome; histology shows eosinophilic infiltrates in myocardium
39
A patient with HF also has renal failure/ ↑K+, which drug should be avoided?
Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist
40
HFrEF contraindicated drug?
Non-DHP CCB
41
Drugs improving mortality in HFrEF
HI-ABDs Sacubitril-valsartan
42
Moderate to severe hypothermia (<32'C) can produce hypotension due to
bradycardia
43
Of all the congenital heart defects _____ is not associated with ↑ risk of Infective endocarditis
ASD
44
Isotonic fluids
Crystalloid: 0.9% N/S, R/L Colloid: Albumin (5% or 25%) → treatment of SBP, HRS
45
Infective endoarditis cause which type of glomerulonephritis?
Diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis
46
Causes of nonbacterial (marantic/thrombotic) endocarditis:
malignancy (mucinous adenocarcinoma), hypercoagulable state, or lupus. less common causes: Burns, Antiphospholipid syndrome, DIC
47
Infective endocarditis is rarely caused by _______ organisms
gram -ve, endotoxin producing
48
Pericardial knock is heard in:
early diastole just after S2, even earlier than S3