CVS TRANS

Question 1

NECK
Pathologic
Pulsus Bisferiens –>________,______
Pulsus Parvus et Tardus –> _________
Collapsing Pulse —-> _____, _________

Answer 1

Pulsus Bisferiens
1. Aortic Regurgitation
2. Aortic Stenosis

Pulsus Parvus et Tardus
1. Aortic Stenosis

Collapsing Pulse
Aortic Regurgitation, Patent Ductus Arteriosus

Question 2

SYSTOLIC MURMURS
MIDSYSTOLIC MURMUR
Begins at S1 and stops right before S2 leaving a tiny gap before the start of S3
1._________
2._________

Answer 2

Aortic stenosis
Pulmonic stenosis

Question 3

SYSTOLIC MURMUR
Begins at S1 and stops right before S2 leaving a tiny gap before the start of S3

Answer 3

MIDSYSTOLIC MURMUR

Question 4

SYSTOLIC MURMUR
Holosystolic Murmur
Begins and stops before S2 without a gap before S3 begins
1.__________
2.__________
3.__________

Answer 4

Mitral regurgitation
Tricuspid Regurgitation
Ventral Septal Defect

Question 5

SYSTOLIC MURMUR
Begins and stops before S2 without a gap before S3 begins

Answer 5

Holosystolic Murmur

Question 6

A 2-month-old infant is brought to the pediatrician due to poor feeding and rapid breathing. The parents report that the baby tires easily during feeds and sweats profusely. On examination, the infant is tachypneic and has a soft hepatomegaly. Cardiac auscultation reveals a loud, harsh holosystolic murmur best heard at the left lower sternal border, along with a palpable thrill. There is no cyanosis. A chest X-ray shows cardiomegaly and increased pulmonary vascular markings.

Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Answer 6

Ventral septal defect

Question 7

A 24-year-old woman comes to the clinic for evaluation of intermittent chest discomfort and palpitations. She describes the chest pain as sharp and brief, occurring at rest and not related to exertion. She also reports occasional lightheadedness and a recent increase in anxiety. Her medical history is unremarkable. Physical examination reveals normal vital signs. Cardiac auscultation reveals a mid-systolic click followed by a late systolic murmur, best heard at the apex, which is more prominent when the patient is in the standing position.

Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Answer 7

Mitral valve prolapse

Question 8

A 72-year-old man presents to the clinic with progressive exertional dyspnea and occasional chest pain over the past few months. He also reports feeling lightheaded during physical activity. His medical history is significant for hypertension and hyperlipidemia. On physical examination, he has a slow-rising, weak carotid pulse. Cardiac auscultation reveals a harsh, crescendo-decrescendo systolic murmur best heard at the right upper sternal border, which radiates to the carotid arteries. The murmur becomes softer with Valsalva maneuver. S1 is normal, and the second heart sound is soft and delayed.

Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Answer 8

Aortic stenosis

Question 9

SYSTOLIC MURMURS

Late systolic Murmur
associated with systolic clicks
begins usually in the middle of systole or in late systole and proceeds and persists up to S2
1.______________

Answer 9

MITRAL VALVE PROLAPSE

Question 10

SYSTOLIC MURMURS
associated with systolic clicks
begins usually in the middle of systole or in late systole and proceeds and persists up to S2

Answer 10

LATE SYSTOLIC MURMUR

Question 11

DIASTOLIC MURMURS
Pre-systolic murmur
continues up to S1

Answer 11

Late Diastolic Murmur

Question 12

A 35-year-old man presents to the emergency department with sharp, pleuritic chest pain that began two days ago. He states the pain worsens when lying flat and improves when he sits up and leans forward. He recently had a viral upper respiratory infection. Vital signs are stable. On cardiac examination, a high-pitched, scratchy sound is heard best at the left lower sternal border, which persists throughout systole and diastole and varies with body position.

Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Answer 12

Pericardial Friction Rub

Question 13

DIiastolic Murmur
Begins in systole and extends to part or all
CONTINUOUS MURMUR
1.__________
2.__________
3.__________

Answer 13

congenital PDA
AV fistula
Venous humming
Pericardial friction rub

Question 14

MURMURS CHARACTERIZED AS TO SHAPE
Crescendo -> ______________

Answer 14

mitral stenosis

Question 15

MURMURS CHARACTERIZED AS TO SHAPE
Decrescendo —> _____________

Answer 15

aortic regurgitation

Question 16

MURMURS CHARACTERIZED AS TO SHAPE
Crescendo-Decrescendo —–>_____________

Answer 16

aortic stenosis

Question 17

MURMURS CHARACTERIZED AS TO SHAPE
plateau—–>_____________

Answer 17

mitral regurgitation