Cysts

Question 1

Define cyst

Answer 1

A pathological epithelial lined cavity within tissue

Question 2

How can we categorise cysts

Answer 2

By either hard or soft tissue

Question 3

What can hard tissue cysts be further divide into

Answer 3

1 Odontogenic
2. Non odontogenic
3. Non epithelialized (not cysts)

Question 4

What can soft tissue cysts be further divided into

Answer 4

1. Developmental
2. Non developmental

Question 5

Define odontogenic cysts

Answer 5

Cysts that arise from tooth forming tissues

Question 6

Give examples of tooth forming tissues odontogenic cysts can arise from

Answer 6

1. Enamel organ
2. Follicle
3. Epithelial cell rests

Question 7

Give examples of odontogenic cysts

Answer 7

1. Radicular cysts
2. Dentigerous cysts
3. Keratocyst
4. Residual cysts
5. Paradental cysts
6. Lateral periodontal cyst
7. Calcifying odontogenic cyst
8. Glandular odontogenic cyst

Question 8

List the 3 most common odontogenic cysts

Answer 8

1. Radicular cysts (70%)
2. Dentigerous cysts (15%)
3. Keratocyst (10%)

Question 9

How can we divide odontogenic cysts

Answer 9

As inflammatory or non inflammatory

Question 10

Give examples of inflammatory odontogenic cysts

Answer 10

1. Radicular
2. Residual
3. Paradental

Question 11

Give examples of non inflammatory odontogenic cysts

Answer 11

1. Dentigerous
2. Keratocyst
3. Lateral periodontal
4. Calcifying odontogenic cyst
5. Glandular odontologenic cyst

Question 12

How do odontogenic cysts usually present

Answer 12

Usually asymptomatic are are just incidental findings on a radiograph
Can be associated with a swelling or movement/migration of teeth

Question 13

What can happen to untreated odontogenic cysts

Answer 13

They can become infected leading to pain and swelling

Question 14

How are odontogenic cysts seen radiographically

Answer 14

Typically well defined, corticated radiolucencies
May be unilocular (single centre) or multilocular (multiple centres)

Question 15

Why are cysts a problem

Answer 15

1. They grow
2. They can move and damage teeth
3. They can move and damage other strucutres
4. Can become infected
5. Can weaken bone leading to pathological fractures
6. They can make treatment more complex

Question 16

What are periapcial cysts also known as

Answer 16

inflammatory periapical cysts
radicular cyst

Question 17

Where do periapical cysts form from

Answer 17

From cell rests that are activated by chronic inflammation leading to swelling and cyst formation

Question 18

What can periapical cysts be confused with

Answer 18

Periapical granuloma

Question 19

What are some differences between periapical granulomas and periapical cysts

Answer 19

Granuloma includes epithelial cells and white blood cells
If the tooth causing problems is extracted and the swelling stays then it is a granuloma not cyst

Question 20

Describe periapcial cysts

Answer 20

1. Centred around the apex
2. Unilocular
3. Well defined, corticated
4. Caused by inflammation/ chronic infection
5. Needs to be associated with a non vital tooth

Question 20

How can a tooth become non vital

Answer 20

1. RCT
2. Caries
3. Restoration
4. Trauma

Question 21

What are residual cysts also known as

Answer 21

Residual periapcial cysts

Question 22

What is a residual cysts

Answer 22

When a pt had a periapical cyst the tooth was extracted but the cyst came back

Question 23

What are dentigerous cysts associated with

Answer 23

Unerutped teeth

Question 24

Where does a dentigerous cyst arise from

Answer 24

Dental follicle due to fluid collection between the follicle and enamel

Question 25

What are dentigerous cysts limited to

Answer 25

The amelocemental junction (limit of the enamel at the neck of the tooth)

Question 26

What can dentigerous cyst cause

Answer 26

1. May move teeth 2. May cause resorption of other teeth

Question 27

Where do odontogenic keratocyst arise from

Answer 27

Dental lamina

Question 28

Describe odontogenic keratocysts

Answer 28

1. Multilocular 2. More common in the mandible than maxilla 3. Commonly found at the angle of the mandible 4. Can be quite extensive 5. Well defined

Question 29

What can odotnogenic keratocysts cause

Answer 29

May damage adjacent teeth

Question 30

What syndrome can odontogenic keratocysts be associated with

Answer 30

Gorlin Goltz syndrome

Question 31

What are erupting cysts associated with

Answer 31

Erupting teeth

Question 32

Describe how an eruption cyst may present clinically

Answer 32

Blue in colour Round Always associated with an erupting teeth Usually clear once tooth has erupted

Question 33

Where is a lateral periodontal cyst found

Answer 33

On the side of a tooth Between the ameolcemental junction and apex

Question 34

Describe lateral periodontal cysts

Answer 34

Well defined, corticated Unlocular Tear drop shaped

Question 35

Describe lateral periodontal cysts

Answer 35

Well defined, corticated Unlocular Tear drop shaped Associated with a VITAL TOOTH

Question 36

Where do lateral periodontal cysts arise from

Answer 36

Origin unknown may be dental lamina or follicle

Question 37

What are lateral periodontal cysts associated with

Answer 37

A vital tooth

Question 38

Name a variant of the lateral periodontal cyst

Answer 38

Botryoid variant

Question 39

What is special about the botryoid variant of lateral periodontal cysts

Answer 39

They appear like shapes and are multilocular versions of lateral periodontal cysts

Question 40

Name two rare cysts we should be aware of

Answer 40

Glandualr odontogenic cysts Calcifying odontogenic cysts

Question 41

What can glandular and calcifying odontogenic cysts be associated with

Answer 41

OKC Ameloblastoma Other pathology

Question 42

Why are glandular odontogenic cysts important to be aware of

Answer 42

They are more likely to recurr

Question 43

Describe glandular odontogenic cyst on a radiograph

Answer 43

1. Well defined radiolucency 2. Unilocular

Question 44

What are calcifying odontogenic cyst

Answer 44

Rare presents like other cysts and contents areas of calcification/ odontoma tissue

Question 45

Describe non odontogenic hard tissue cysts

Answer 45

Developmental but not from tooth forming tissue They are associated with embryology and the development of the face

Question 46

What is the palate formed by

Answer 46

fusion of 2 lateral structures and the pre maxilla w

Question 47

Give examples of non odontogenic hard tissue cysts

Answer 47

1. Nasopalatine duct cysts 2. Globulomaxillary cyst 3. Median palatal cyst

Question 48

Where are nasopalatine duct cysts found

Answer 48

In the midline of the palate

Question 49

How might a nasopalatine duct cyst present on a radiograph

Answer 49

Well defined corticated radiolucency

Question 50

Where are median palatal cysts found

Answer 50

Between the point of fusion of the palatal shells

Question 50

Where are globulomaxillary cysts found

Answer 50

Between the lateral incisor and canines

Question 51

What are non epithelialised cysts

Answer 51

Is not a cyst by definition

Question 52

Give examples of non epithelialised cysts

Answer 52

1. Staphnes idiopathic bone cavity 2. Solitary bone cyst

Question 53

What are solitary bone cysts also known as

Answer 53

Traumatic bone cyst Unicameral cysts

Question 54

Describe solitary bone cysts

Answer 54

1. Not odontogenic 2. Not epithelial lined 3. No expansion or movement

Question 55

What can soft tissue cysts be split into

Answer 55

Developmental and non developmental

Question 56

Naem some developmental cysts

Answer 56

1. Dermoid cyst 2. Branchial cleft cyst 3. Thyroglossal duct cyst

Question 57

Where are dermoid cyst found

Answer 57

In the midline of the tongue

Question 58

What can be found in dermoid cysts

Answer 58

Hair Sweat glands

Question 59

How do dermoid cysts present

Answer 59

As a sublingual swelling

Question 60

What makes a sinus different to a cyst

Answer 60

a blind ended opening that is epithelial lined where as a cyst is close ended and non epithelial lined. Cysts also open on to the surface

Question 61

Where is it common to get brachial cleft sinuses

Answer 61

on the side of the face along the ear or on the neck

Question 62

Where are thyroglossal duct cysts found

Answer 62

on the midline of the neck

Question 63

What are non developmental soft tissue cysts associated with

Answer 63

Salivary gland tissue

Question 64

How can non developmental soft tissue cysts be divided

Answer 64

1. Mucus retention 2. Mucus extravasation

Question 65

What is mucus retention

Answer 65

A cyst that leads to blockage within the gland or duct can effect the minor glands

Question 66

What is mucous extravasation

Answer 66

A cyst that can lead to an escape of saliva from traumatised glands or ducts can effect the minor or sublingual glands

Question 67

Give exmaples of non developmetnal cysts

Answer 67

1. Ranula 2. Lip mucocoeles

Question 68

Where are ranula found

Answer 68

Floor of the mouth

Question 69

What are ranulas assocated with

Answer 69

Minor or sublingual glands

Question 70

What type of non developmental cyst is a ranula

Answer 70

Mucus extravasation gland

Question 71

Where else can ranulas form

Answer 71

In the neck

Question 72

Where do lip mucoceles form

Answer 72

Lower lip only

Question 73

In whom are lip mucoceles more common in

Answer 73

Children with a possible history of trauma

Question 74

How do lip mucocoeles present

Answer 74

As painless soft fluid filled swellings that may appear bluish

Question 75

What type of non developmental cysts are lip mucocoeles

Answer 75

Mucus retention or extravasation you can't tell without removing it

Question 76

What type of non developmental cysts are lip mucocoeles

Answer 76

Mucus retention or extravasation you can't tell without removing it

Question 77

how can we treat lip mucocoeles

Answer 77

Cryotherapy incision

Question 78

What are the risks with incision of a lip mucocoeles

Answer 78

Risk of recurrence scar swelling bleeding bruising