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Immunology 2.0 > Cytokines > Flashcards

Cytokines Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

recruitment of neutrophils is mainly mediated by what family of cytokines

A

CXC chemokines

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2
Q

Monocyte recruitment is more dependent on what family of chemokines

A

CC chemokines

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3
Q

Receptors of chemokines belong to the ______ superfamily

A

Seven-transmembrane, guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding (G) protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily

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4
Q

Chemokine receptors are expressed on all leukocytes, with the greatest number of diversity seen on

A

T cells

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5
Q

The main actions of chemokines are

A

enhancing adhesion of circulating leukocytes to endothelium through integrin activation and stimulating directed leukocyte movement in tissues by chemoattraction

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6
Q

What are chemokine roles in inflammation

A
  • Increased adhesion of leukocytes in endothelium
  • Migration of leukocytes to site of infection or tissue damage
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7
Q

CCL2 (MCP-1)

A
  • Chemokine Receptor: CCR2
  • Fxn: Mixed leukocyte recruitment (monocyte)
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8
Q

CCL19 (MIP-3beta)

A
  • Chemokine receptor: CCR7
  • Fxn: T cell and dendritic cell migration into parafollicular zones of lymph nodes
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9
Q

CCL21 (SLC)

A
  • Chemokine receptor: CCR7
  • Fxn: T cell and dendritic cell migration into parafollicular zones of lymph nodes
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10
Q

CXCL8 (IL-8)

A
  • Chemokine receptor: CXCR1, CXCR-2
  • Fxn: Neutrophil recruitment
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11
Q

CXCL10 (IP-10)

A

Chemokine receptor: CXCR3, CXCR3B

Fxn: Effector T cell recruitment

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12
Q

CXCL12 (SDF-1alphabeta)

A
  • Chemokine receptor: CXCR4
  • Fxn: Homing naive B cells to LNs
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13
Q

CXCL13 (BCA-1)

A
  • Chemokine Receptor: CXCR5
  • Fxn: B cell migration into follicles; T follicular helper cell migration into follicles
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14
Q

XCL1 (Lymphotactin)

A
  • Chemokine Receptor: XCR1
  • Fxn: T cell and NK cell recruitment
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15
Q

CX3CL1 (Fractalkine)

A
  • Chemokine Receptor: CX3CR1
  • Fxn: T cell, NK cell, and monocyte recruitment; CTL and NK cell activation
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16
Q

Cytokines of innate immunity that result in inflammation

A
  • TNF
  • IL-1
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17
Q

Cytokines of innate immunity that lead to resistance to viral infection

A
  • IFN-alpha/beta
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18
Q

IFN-gamma functions

A

macrophage activation

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19
Q

IL-12 functions

A
  • IFN-gamma production by NK cells and T cells
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20
Q

IL-15 function(s)

A

Proliferation of NK cells

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21
Q

Cytokines that control inflammation

Study These Flashcards
A
  • IL-10
  • TGF-beta
22
Q

IL-2

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Principal Cell Source
    • T cells
  • Cytokine Receptor and Subunits
    • CD25 (IL-2Ralpha)
    • CD122 (IL-2Rbeta)
    • CD132 (Yc)
  • Principal Cellular Targets and Biologic Effects
    • T cells
      • Proliferation and differentiation into effector and memory cells
      • promotes regualory T cell development, survival, and function
    • NK cells
      • Proliferation and activation
    • B cells
      • Proliferation, antibody synthesis (in vitro)
23
Q

IL-4

Study These Flashcards
A
  • member of Type I cytokine family
  • Principle cell source:
    • TH2 cells
    • Mast cells
  • Principle function
    • B cells:
      • Isotype switching to IgE
    • T cells
      • Increases differentiation to TH2 cells
    • Macrophages
      • alternative activation and inhibition of IFN-gamma-mediated classical activation
    • Mast cells
      • Proliferation (in vitro)
24
Q

IL-5

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Member of Type I cytokine family
  • Principle cell source:
    • TH2 cells
    • Group 2 innate lymphoid cells
  • Principle function:
    • Eosinophils:
      • activation
      • increased generation
    • B cells:
      • proliferation, IgA produciton (in vitro)
25
IL-17
* type I cytokine family * Principle Cell source * TH17 cells * group 3 innate lymphoid cells * Principle functions * Endothelial cells * Chemokine produciton * Macrophages: * increased chemokine and cyokine production * Epithelial cells: * GM-CSF and G-CSF prodution
26
IL-22
* Type II cytokine family * Principle cell source: * TH17 * Principle cellular targets and function: * Epithelial cells: * Production of defensins * increased barrier function * Hepatocytes: * Survival
27
BAFF
* TNF superfamily cytokines * Principal cell source * Dendritic cells * monocytes * follicular dendritic cells * B cells * Principle cell target and function * B cells: * survival * Isotype switching to IgA
28
APRIL
* TNF superfamily cytokines * Principle cell source * T cells * dendritic cells * monocytes * follicualr dendritic cells * Principal cell targets and function * B cells: * survival * proliferation * Isotype switching to IgA
29
TGF-beta
* IL-1 family cytokines * principle cell source: * T cells (mainly Tregs) * Macrophages * Principle cell target and functions * T cells: * inhibition of proliferation and effector functions * differentiation of TH17 and Treg * B cells: * Inhibition of proliferation * IgA production * Macrophages * inhibition of activation * stimulation of angiogenic factors * Fibroblasts * increased collagen synthesis
30
IL-18
* IL-1 family cytokines * Principle cell source * Monocytes * macrophages * dendritic cells * Kupffer cells * Keratinocytes * Chondrocytes * synovial fibroblasts * osteoblasts * Principle targets and functions * NK cells and T cells: * IFN-gamma synthesis * Monocytes * expression of GM-CSF * TNF * IL-1beta * Neutrophils: * Activation * cytokine release
31
TNF
* TNF Superfamily cytokines * Principle cell source: * Macrophages * NK cells * T cells * Principle targets and bilogogic effects * Endothelial cells: * activation (inflammation, coagulation) * Neutrophils: * Activation * Hypothalamus * Fever * Muscle, fat: * catabolism (cachexia)
32
IL-10
* Type II cytokine family member * Principle cell source * Macrophages * T cells (mainly Tregs) * Principal cell targets and functions * Macrophages, dendritic cells * inhibition of expression of IL-12, costimulators, and class II MHC
33
IL-22
* Type II cytokine family members * Principle cell source: * TH17 * principle targets and functions: * Epithelial cells: * production of defensins * increased barrier function * Hepatocytes: * survival
34
IL-23
* Type I cytokine family * Principle cell source * Macrophages * dendritic cells * Principle targets and functions * T cells * differentiation and expansion of TH17 cells
35
IL-12
* Type I cytokine family * Principle cell source * Macrophages * Dendrites * Principle targets and functions * T cells * TH1 differentiation * IFN-gamma synthesis * increased cytotoxic activity * NK cells and T cells: * IFN-gamma synthesis * increased cytotoxic activity
36
IL-7
* Type I cytokine family * Principle cell souce * Fibroblasts * bone marrow stromal cells * Principal targets and functions * Immature lymphoid progenitors * proliferation of early T and B cell progenitors * T lymphocytes * survival of naive and memory cells
37
IL-15
* Type I cytokine family * Principle cell source * Macrophages * Principle target and function * NK cells: * proliferation * T cells * survival and proliferation fo memory CD8+ cells
38
CCL25
* Receptor: CCR9 * Lymphocyte recruitment into lamina propria of intestines
39
* T cell-independent IgA class switching in the gut
* TLR ligand-activated DCs secrete BAFF, APRIL, and TGF-Beta which induce IgA class switching in B cells * This T cell independent pathway yields relatively **low-affinity** IgA Ab to intestinal bacteria (meanwhile T dependent produces high-affinity IgA abs)
40
The ____ receptor binds IgA produced in the lamina propria to the base of the epithelial cells.
Poly-Ig Receptor
41
Are there Th17 cells in the colon
NO
42
Th17 produce IL-17 and IL-22 that have what effects on the GI tract
* induce expression of mucins and Beta-defensins
43
What are the factors that contribue to the generation of Treg cells in the GI
* Ag-activated DCs * Local production of retinoic acid (which promotes FoxP3 expression) * local production of TGF-beta (which also promotes FoxP3 expression and inhibits the generation of Th1 and Th2 cells)
44
Treg cells suppress immune responses by the production of
IL-10
45
Mutation in the IL-10 and IL-10R genes are associated with severe ____ in children
Colitis
46
Deficiencies in what cytokines or their receptors result in pathogic bowel inflammation
* TGF-beta * IL-10 * IL-2
47
underlying mechanisms of the oral tolerance include
* Anergy * Deletion * Treg mediated suppression
48
What antibodies are a sensitive diagnostic marker for celiac disease
* anti-gluten IgA and IgG * Auto-abs for Transglutaminase 2A (enzyme that modifies the gluten protien Gliadin)
49
People who carry the tow class II HLA alleles ____ and ___ are at high risk for development fo celiac disease
HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8
50
IL-13
* Principal cell source * Th2 cells * NKT cells * group 2 innate lymphoid cells * mast cells * Prinicipal functions: * B cells: * isotype switching to IgE * Epithelial cells: * Increased mucus production * Fibroblasts: * increased collagen synthesis * Macrophages: * Alternative activation

Immunology 2.0 (25 decks)

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