Cytokines&Receptors- Intro

Question 1

What 2 ways to immune cells communicate with each other to coordinate an immune response?

Answer 1

Secreted molecules
Direct cell-cell contact

Question 2

What is it called when a molecule is released by one cell and interact with another cell?

Answer 2

Secreted molecules

Question 3

What is it called when 2 cells come into direct contact using complementary receptors and signals are then transmitted through the 2 receptors?

Answer 3

Direct cell-cell contact

Question 4

What are a group of proteins that are produced by immune cells to control immune responses?

Answer 4

Cytokines

Question 5

What type of communication is used among immune cells?

Answer 5

1-way communication

Question 6

What are the following characteristics examples of:
Short lived proteins
Highly diverse
Act locally and/or systemically
Pleiotropic
Redundant
Carefully regulates
Toxic at high doses

Answer 6

Cytokines

Question 7

What are the following examples of:
Antigens
PAMPs
Antibodies
Cytokines

Answer 7

Common stimuli for cytokine production

Question 8

What type of cytokines use signals between lymphocytes and other leukocytes?

Answer 8

Interleukins

Question 9

What are a heterogeneous mixture of proteins with little in common expect their name?

Answer 9

Interleukins

Question 10

How many interleukins are there?

Answer 10

40

Question 11

What type of interleukins activate only Th cells?

Answer 11

Type 1

Question 12

What type of interleukins activate Th, B, and Tc cells?

Answer 12

Type 2

Question 13

What is a family of cytokines produced in response to a virus infection or immune stimulation?

Answer 13

Interferons

Question 14

Whose names are derived from the fact that they interfere with viral RNA and protein synthesis and so have anti-viral activity?

Answer 14

Interferons

Question 15

What are the three major types of interferons?

Answer 15

Type 1, 2, 3

Question 16

What is a diverse mixture, most important of which are Interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) and IFN-beta?

Answer 16

Type 1

Question 17

Which interferon type is IFN-y?

Answer 17

Type 2

Question 18

Which type of interferon is IFN-^

Answer 18

Type 3

Question 19

What induces antiviral state?

Answer 19

Interferon

Question 20

What type of gene do interferons use to induce antiviral state?

Answer 20

ISGs (interferon-stimulated genes)

Question 21

What are cytokines produced by macrophages and T cells?

Answer 21

Tumor necrosis factors (TNFs)

Question 22

Which type of TNF is a key mediator of acute inflammation?

Answer 22

TNF-alpha

Question 23

What includes TNFs and related cytokines, which are involved in the coordination of host defenses, cell survival, immune regulation and inflammation?

Answer 23

TNF superfamily

Question 24

What are the two important members of TNF‘s?

Answer 24

CD178
CD154

Question 25

What is one of the mechanisms by which cytotoxic T cells kill cancer cells?

Answer 25

CD178

Question 26

What is a family of at least 50 small proteins that play a role in leukocyte chemotaxis, circulation, migration, and activation in inflammation?

Answer 26

Chemokines

Question 27

What are cells that migrate from low chemokine concentrations to high chemokine concentration?

Answer 27

Chemotaxis