Cytoskeleton

Question 1

What are the 3 components of cytoskeleton?

Answer 1

Microtubules, Neurofilaments, Microfilaments

Question 2

Microtubules

Answer 2

Made from a helical structure of alpha/beta tubulin pro filaments
Helps with overall/gross cell shape

Question 3

Neurofilaments

Answer 3

Coiled-coil structure of proteins ranging from small, medium, and large molecular weights plus peripherin/internexin
Maintains axonal structure and diameter

Question 4

Microfilaments

Answer 4

Made of double helix strict of actin

provide structural support for axons and spines

Question 5

Actin Rings

Answer 5

Support neuritis and stabilize axonal ion channels

Question 6

What determines orientation of microtubules?

Answer 6

Where they are in relation to the soma.

Positive end is closer to periphery, negative end is closer to soma

Question 7

Which cytoskeletal element is present in neurons and not glia?

Answer 7

Neurofilaments

Question 8

Where are microtubules located?

Answer 8

Within main cell body

Question 9

Where are Neurofilaments located?

Answer 9

Neurites

Question 10

Where are microfilaments located?

Answer 10

Along plasmalemma at axon terminals and dendritic spines

Question 11

How do microfilaments assist with cellular signaling cascade?

Answer 11

Activity dependent dendritic spine formation and maturation

dynamic branching

Question 12

What are the two functions of actin rings?

Answer 12

Support neurites and branches

stabilize location of axonal ion channels

Question 13

What are the three types of dendritic spines?

Answer 13

Thin, stubby, mushroom

Mushroom has strongest synapses

Question 14

What are the cytoskeletal and protein components of spines?

Answer 14

microfilaments and microtubules, Arp2/3 protein, polymerases/depolyerases, capping protein, myosin

Question 15

Microtubule molecular motors

Answer 15

Kinesin

Dynein

Question 16

Microfilament molecular motor

Answer 16

Myosin

Question 17

Kinesin

Answer 17

Anterograde transport that carries organelles and actin

Question 18

Dynein

Answer 18

Retrograde transport that carries endosomes and regulatory factors

Question 19

Myosin

Answer 19

Anterograde transport that carries organelles and cell motility

Question 20

What does polymerization/depolymerization mean?

Answer 20

The growing/shrinking of cytoskeletal components associated with neuroplasticity

Question 21

What is slow axoplasmic transport and what’s its primary cargo?

Answer 21

Axonal transport that’s much slower than FAT that only occurs in anterograde direction.
Carries cytosolic and cytoskeletal proteins

Question 22

What are the components required for FAT?

Answer 22

ATP, cytoskeletal tracks, motor proteins