Glial Diversity

Question 1

What glial cells are present in CNS vs. PNS?

Answer 1

CNS: Oligodendrocytes, Microglia
PNS: Schwann Cells, Satellite Cells

Question 2

What is the functional equivalent of a satellite cell in the CNS

Answer 2

Microglia

Question 3

What is the functional equivalent of an oligodendrocyte in PNS?

Answer 3

Schwann Cells

Question 4

Myelinating Oligodendrocyte function

Answer 4

myelinates axons

Question 5

Non myelinating oligodendrocytes

Answer 5

insulate and nourishes axons

Question 6

What is the significance of oligodendrogenesis?

Answer 6

Oligodendrogenesis and pruning occurs through our lives which contributes to neuroplasticity

Question 7

How do astrocytes contribute to neurodegenerative disorders?

Answer 7

The maintain extracellular environment so malfunction can lead to abnormal protein accumulation leading to AD, PD, and HD

Question 8

What are cilia and microvilli and what are their functions?

Answer 8

Cell “hairs” that help keep cerebrospinal fluid circulating

Question 9

Schwann Cells

Answer 9

located in PNS in both myelinating and nonmyelinating forms can only connect to single axon at a time

Question 10

Multiple Sclerosis

Answer 10

Neurodegenerative demyelinating disease that occurs with damage to oligodendrocytes

Question 11

Rett Syndrome

Answer 11

Genetic disorder implicated with malfunctioning astrocytes

Question 12

Fragile X Syndrome

Answer 12

Genetic disorder implicated in astrocytes that only happens in girls

Question 13

Alzheimer’s

Answer 13

Neurodegenerative disorder that occurs with astrocyte malfunction leading to amyloid plaque build up in synapses

Question 14

Parkinsons

Answer 14

Neurodegenerative, genetic disorder associated with loss of blood brain barrier function (astrocytes)

Question 15

ALS

Answer 15

neurodegenerative disorder where microglia attack motor neurons

Question 16

Guillain-Barre Syndrome

Answer 16

Rapid onset muscular weakness coursed by autoimmune response to Schwann cells

Question 17

Gliopathic Pain

Answer 17

caused by satellite cells activating an inflammatory response without injury

Question 18

Glial Cancers

Answer 18

Oligodendrocytes: oligodendroglioma
Astrocytes: astrocytoma, glioblastoma
Epedymal Cells: choroid plexus carcinoma, ependimoma

Question 19

What is myelin made of?

Answer 19

70% lipids 30% proteins

Question 20

What 2 proteins are in myelin?

Answer 20

Myelin Basic Protein

Proteolipid Protein

Question 21

What determines the specific location of myelin sheets on an axon?

Answer 21

Nodes of Ranvier

Question 22

What aspects of synaptic environment do astrocytes regulate?

Answer 22

Concentrations of ions, neurotransmitters
Potassium buffering
Degrades NT’s

Question 23

How to astrocytes protect neurons from accumulating free radicals?

Answer 23

Contain enzyme Glutathione Peroxidase that detoxifies free radicals that occur during hypoxia

Question 24

Where do microglia originate from?

Answer 24

Bone Marrow

Question 25

How to microglia contribute to an inflammatory response?

Answer 25

Produce antigens and secretes cytokines and chemokine for lymphocytes, neutrophils, and monocytes

Question 26

What is choroid plexus and how is it made?

Answer 26

Cuboidal epithelial cells found deep in tissue that generates CSF

Question 27

What are tanycytes?

Answer 27

Special epidermal cells found in 3rd ventricle that tranfers chemicals from CSF to CNS