D3 - Canada Flashcards
Examines the regions, grapes, methods of production, and styles of Canada. (54 cards)
Why is most of Canada unsuitable for viticulture?
- High latitude;
- Extreme cold.
In which two Canadian provinces is most of the country’s wine made?
- Ontario;
- British Columbia.
When was V. vinifera first planted in Canada?
1950s.
What are the climates of Ontario and British Columbia?
Both have an extreme continental climate.
Much like the Finger Lakes, Canadian vineyards are planted near _____.
Why?
Lakes;
The winter lake effect moderates temperatures, reducing the risk of deep winter freeze.
The lakes in Canada (as in most other regions) increase humidity. What risk increases with humidity?
Fungal disease pressure.
Why is drought problematic in the inland areas of British Columbia?
These inland areas are in a rain shadow of two mountain ranges.
Canada’s viticultural areas are between 41° and 51° N. What does this mean for the growing season?
Growing season is short BUT summers have longer daylight hours (sun rises at or before 5am and sets after 9pm).
Because grape growing areas around lakes are more humid which increases fungal disease pressure, what does that mean for canopy management?
Canopies must stay open for improved air flow to decrease the risk of fungal disease.
What three ways do Canadian grape growers use to protect their vines from harsh winter temperatures?
- Bury the vines;
- Use geotextiles (fabrics draped over the vines);
- Soil up around the grafts.
Canadian Icewine regulation states that the grapes must be harvested at this temperature.
–8°C (18°F) or below.
- Icewine fermentation usually stops naturally around ___% abv.
- ___g/L RS usually remains in the wine.
- 9-11% abv;
- 200-250g/L
Most Icewine in Canada is made with this grape variety.
Vidal.
In Canada:
If a VQA wine has a single grape variety on the label, the wine must contain at least ___% of that stated grape.
If a VQA wines has two or more grapes listed on the label, those stated grapes must make up at least ___% of the wine.
Single grape: 85%;
Two or more: 95%.
Which wine-producing Canadian province is larger and has more area under vine: Ontario or British Columbia?
Ontario.
Most of Ontario’s vineyards are planted on or near the shores of which two Great Lakes?
- Lake Erie;
- Lake Ontario.
How do Lake Erie and Lake Ontario affect the grape-growing climate?
They moderate Ontario’s extreme continental climate – the lakes keep their immediate areas warmer in the winter and cooler in the summer.
The farther away vineyards are planted from the lake, the less of a moderating effect there is.
What are the soils like in the immediate surroundings of Lake Erie and Lake Ontario?
Lots of limestone in the soil from ancient seabeds (some clay and sand the farther away from the lakes you go).
- Which grape variety is the most planted in Ontario?
- What is it typically made into?
- Vidal;
- Icewine.
The 3 most planted vitis vinifera grape varieties in Ontario are:
- Riesling;
- Chardonnay;
- Cabernet Franc.
Besides Cabernet Franc, what other red grape varieties are grown in Ontario?
- Merlot;
- Pinot Noir;
- Gamay Noir.
In what year did Ontario adopt the VQA legislation?
1988.
What are the three major appellations (VQAs) in Ontario?
- Prince Edward County;
- Niagara Peninsula;
- Lake Erie North Shore.
- In Ontario, if one of the three major Niagara appellations appears on a label, a minimum of ___% of the grapes must come from the stated appellation.
85% minimum
The other 15% can be sourced from elsewhere within Ontario.
