D3.2 Inheritance

Question 1

inheritance

Answer 1

The passing on of genetic information from parent to offspring.

Question 2

True or false?

Haploid cells contain two copies of each chromosome.

Answer 2

false

Question 3

_________ did experiments on pea plants

Answer 3

Mendel

Question 4

A tattoo is due to _______ factors only.

Answer 4

environmental

Question 5

A person’s height is due to ______ and genetic factors.

Answer 5

environmental

Question 6

These butterflies take on the dry season traits, and will breed only at the ____ of the season.

Answer 6

end

Question 6

phenotypic plasticity

Answer 6

is when the phenotype can be shaped by a combination of the genotype plus the particular environment an organism is exposed to.

Question 7

A mutation in a gene on chromosome 12 prevents the production of phenylalanine hydroxylase. Identify which of the following describes the result of this.

Answer 7

Phenylalanine cannot be broken down and its build up is toxic.

Question 8

Humans share ____ similarity in their DNA

Answer 8

99.9%

Question 9

In incomplete dominance where one parent plant is red and one is white, identify the phenotype that the offspring would display.

Answer 9

All offspring are pink.

Question 10

Identify the type of blood a person with type A blood could receive.

Answer 10

Type A or type O

Question 11

The SRY gene causes the development of the male sex organs.

Answer 11

true

Question 12

pedigree chart

Answer 12

They enable inheritance patterns to be followed through families.

Question 13

_______ inheritance refers to many genes contributing to a trait.

Answer 13

polygenic

Question 14

Identify what a 9:3:3:1 ratio of the different phenotypes in a dihybrid cross indicates.

Answer 14

The alleles of two different genes assort independently into gametes.

Question 15

The location of a gene on a chromosome is called a ____. An allele is a different form of a ____.

Answer 15

locus, gene

Question 16

______ genes can fail to assort independently into gametes at meiosis.

Answer 16

linked

Question 17

egg and sperm each have ___

Answer 17

n =23

Question 18

A zygote has ___

Answer 18

2n =46

Question 19

Define gamete and zygote.

Answer 19

gamete - a sperm or ovum
zygote - forms when sperm cell fertilizes egg cell

Question 20

Define diploid and haploid.

Answer 20

diploid (2n) have 2 complete sets of each chromosome
haploid (n) one copy of each chromosome

Question 21

Explain why diploid cells have two copies of each autosomal gene.​

Answer 21

one inherited from each parent

Question 22

Define P, F1 and F2.

Answer 22

P- Parental generation
F1 - (the offspring)
F2 - (the offspring from F1)

Question 23

Outline the process of experimentally performing a genetic cross in flowering plants using cross pollination and self-fertilization.

Answer 23

• control which gametes are fusing
• remove the anthers (prevent self-pollination)
• transfer pollen from the chosen plant to the stigma
• cover w/ paper bag (prevent cross pollination- with other plants)

Question 24

Gregor Mendel studied _________________________. He used large sample sizes and ____________.

Answer 24

heredity in pea plants, pattern analysis

Question 25

Genotype

Answer 25

combination of alleles

Question 26

Allele

Answer 26

different versions of a gene

Question 27

Homozygous

Answer 27

two of the same alleles - homozygous recessive - homozygous dominant

Question 28

Heterozygous

Answer 28

two different alleles

Question 29

Phenotype

Answer 29

physical/observable traits

Question 30

New alleles are created by ______.

Answer 30

mutations

Question 31

Dominant

Answer 31

expressed in phenotype

Question 32

Recessive

Answer 32

allele only expressed when dominant allele is absent

Question 33

Punnett squares are used for _____________________.

Answer 33

calculating probability in offspring. (not always guaranteed)

Question 34

The four squares in a punnett square represent _________ ______.

Answer 34

offspring genotypes

Question 35

phenotypic plasticity:

Answer 35

phenotypes can change (the change is reversible) due to changing patterns of gene expression -genotype remains unaltered

Question 36

Give an example of phenotypic plasticity:

Answer 36

skin darkening due to UV exposure (doesn't change genotype but alters phenotype temporarily)

Question 37

PKU stands for ____________.

Answer 37

Phenylketonuria

Question 38

PKU is caused by __________________.

Answer 38

-recessive allele caused by mutation in a gene that codes for enzyme (converts phenylalanine to tyrosine)

Question 39

How is PKU tested for?

Answer 39

blood is pricked from baby's heel to see if there is phenylalanine

Question 40

Gene pool

Answer 40

all of genes in a population

Question 41

Evolution

Answer 41

changes in gene pool over time

Question 42

Alleles

Answer 42

diff. versions of a gene

Question 43

SNP (single nucleotide polymorphisms)

Answer 43

position on gene where diff. base sequences can be observed, thereby creating different alleles

Question 44

Humans typically have the same genome which contains minor differences in nucleotide bases.

Answer 44

SNP (single nucleotide polymorphisms)

Question 45

Codominant

Answer 45

both alleles expressed in phenotype

Question 46

Incomplete dominance

Answer 46

-heterozygous individual has intermediate phenotype A=red flower B= yellow flower AB=orange flower

Question 47

incomplete or codominant use ________ ______ .

Answer 47

different letters

Question 48

Sex chromosomes aren't _________ because they don't have the same ______. They are the last pair on a karyotype.

Answer 48

homologous, genes

Question 49

X chromosome is ____ than Y chromosome

Answer 49

larger

Question 50

XX (____) and XY (____)

Answer 50

female, male

Question 51

Sex linked genes

Answer 51

genes present on either X or Y (written as a superscript letter)