Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

ANS > Dairy > Flashcards

Dairy Flashcards

(104 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

five breeds of dairy?

A

Holstein, Jersey, Brown Swiss, Ayrshire, and Guernsey

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Holstein weight

A

1500 lbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Holstein orgin

A

Netherlands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Holstein characteristics

A

most common dairy, highest milk production, black and white

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

largest dairy breed?

A

Holstein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Jersey weight

A

800-1200 lbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Jersey orgin

A

Isle of Jersey in the English Channel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Jersey characteristics

A

light to dark brown, docile, high butterfat milk component, adaptable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

smallest dairy breed?

A

Jersey

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Brown Swiss weight

A

1300 lbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Brown Swiss orgin

A

Switzerland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Brown Swiss characteristics

A

oldest of dairy breeds, very docile, light to dark brown, nearly grey, desirable fat to protein ratio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Ayrshire weight

A

1200 lbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Ayrshire orgin

A

Switzerland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Ayrshire characteristics

A

red and white, highly adaptable, hardy, excel in udder conformation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Guernsey weight

A

1200 lbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Guernsey orgin

A

Isle of Guernsey

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Guernsey characteristics

A

white and fawn to deep red, “Golden Goodness” (carotene rich milk), good for cheese production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

calving interval

A

animals must get pregnant and have a calf to start milking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

order of events before first milking?

A

parturition, rebreeding, gestation, dry, parturition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

when do calves get weaned

A

6-8 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what do calves eat when they’re weaned

A

solids, no more milk replacer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

when do cows have their first calving?

A

24 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

how many months before next calving after first?

A

12 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
when do we rebreed cows?
80 days
26
how long is cow pregnancy
285 days
27
how long is lactation
305 days
28
how long is dry off
2 months/60 days
29
what two things happen during dry off?
involution and mammary development
30
DIM
days in milk (lactating)
31
when does peak of lactation happen?
50-60 days
32
three types of lactation?
early, mid, and late lactation
33
when does late lactation begin?
175-180 days
34
when does late lactation end?
305 days
35
what are mammary glands?
modified sweat glands
36
who has mammary glands
cows, mares, sow, ewe, cat, dog, deer, elephant, whale, giraffe
37
parenchyma
tissue where milk is produced
38
epithelial cells
milk synthesis and secretion
39
lumen
collect milk and water
40
myoepithelial cells
milk ejection
41
capillary system
supply milk components
42
epithelial cells are located where
on the walls of the alveoli
43
alveolis make what
lobes
44
each alveoli have their own what
duct
45
the ducts/duct system connect to what
gland cistern
46
the gland cistern connects to what
teat cistern
47
streak canne
teat opening
48
capillary system is made up of what
veins and arteries
49
what hormone is associated with milk let down?
oxytocin
50
what is milk let down?
cows allowing their milk to "be milked"
51
causes of milk let down
sound of milking machine, sight of calf, touch of skin
52
what determines grades of milk?
somatic cell count (SCC), bacterial count
53
fluid or manufacturing milk
Grade A
54
manufacturing only milk
Grade B
55
SCC <100,000, <1,000,000 bacteria/mL
Grade A
56
SCC >250,000, >1,000,000 bacteria/mL
Grade B
57
how many western dairy coops?
21
58
how many southern central dairy coops?
11
59
how many southern atlantic dairy coops?
10
60
how many west northern central dairy coops?
49
61
how many east northern central dairy coops?
47
62
how many northern atlantic dairy coops?
62
63
pasteurization
sterilization/heating/cooling of milk
64
temperatures of pasteurization?
4 C, 72 C, 4 C
65
homogenization
breaking down fat globules into smaller ones
66
what does homogenization prevent?
milk seperation
67
percent of water in milk?
87.7%
68
percent of fat in milk?
3.5-4%
69
percent of protein in milk?
3.2%
70
percent of lactose in milk?
4.8%
71
percent of ash/minerals in milk?
0.7%
72
what is the only carbohydrate in milk?
lactose
73
mastitis
swelling of udders
74
symptoms of mastitis?
inflammation, redness, soreness, blood in milk, high bacteria count
75
where does mastitis occur
teat canal
76
why is there blood in milk if a cow has mastitis?
immune cells come from blood stream into lumen to try and kill bacteria
77
clinical mastitis
with symptom
78
subclinical mastitis
without symptom
79
how can you diagnose mastitis?
visual, pH, electrical conductivity, bulk tank SCC, culture testing, electronic SC counters, California Mastitis Test (CMT)
80
T/F a decrease in conductivity means a cow is positive for mastitis?
false
81
California Mastitis Test
highly sensitive to the presence of somatic cells in milk
82
how do you perform CMT?
collect milk from first stream, combine with reagent, swirl, and read
83
how do you treat mastitis?
antibiotics
84
if a cow is positive on a CMT, what are the results?
thick and/or bright purple color change
85
products of dairy
fluid milk, cheese, frozen desserts, butter, dry milk
86
products of fluid milk
low fat, skim, half and half, heavy cream, whipping cream
87
T/F fluid milk is homogenized
true
88
how do you make cheese?
remove the whey
89
what is the whey?
liquid portion of milk
90
milk proteins
whey and caseins
91
rennet
helps create cheese
92
where was rennet originally extracted from?
abomasum of a newborn
93
what is butter
the fat in the milk
94
T/F butter has a higher concentrate of fat
true
95
fat into water
cream
96
water into fat
butter
97
bacteria in yogurt
streptococcus lactus
98
what is obtained after the fermentation of milk
yogurt
99
Dairy Herd Improvement Association (DHIA)
a record system. huge database for changes over time for dairy and dairy selection
100
T/F we have tried to genetically modify dairy a lot to get better genes
false
101
sire summary
detailed information catalog of sire's values and genetic potential
102
sexing/sorting semen
choosing semen that are already sorted between XX and XY
103
T/F all ovums have X chromosomes
true
104
in males, how many are X chromosomes and how many are Y's?
50% and 50%

ANS (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions