Beef Flashcards
1
Q
european
A
bos taurus
2
Q
continental
A
bos taurus
3
Q
zebu
A
bos indicus
4
Q
synthetic
A
crossbreeding between bos taurus and bos indicus
5
Q
Hereford
A
european
6
Q
Angus
A
european
7
Q
Shorthorn
A
european
8
Q
Charlois
A
continental
9
Q
Simmental
A
continental
10
Q
Limousin
A
continental
11
Q
Brahman
A
zebu
12
Q
Brangus
A
synthetic
13
Q
what is Brangus made up of
A
Brahman x Angus
14
Q
european and continental breeds were selected for what
A
meat quality
15
Q
brahman were selected for what
A
heat and parasite resistance
16
Q
what years did the beef consumption rate grow?
A
1867-1972
17
Q
what years did the beef consumption rate decline?
A
1972-2000
18
Q
order of industries?
A
purebreeders, cow/calf, stocker, feedlot, packers
19
Q
percent of cash reciepts?
A
70%
20
Q
percent of beef cows
A
60%
21
Q
percent of cattle on field?
A
85%
22
Q
percent of cattle slaughtered
A
80%
23
Q
what do purebreeeders specialize in?
A
cow/calf producing
24
Q
who provides the genetic material for beef supply chain
A
purebreeders
25
what percent of beef cattle are AI
<3%
26
what percent of beef cattle are embryo transfer
<1%
27
how many calves every year?
1
28
when do we wean beef calves?
5-7 months (400-600 lbs)
29
what percent of extensive crossbreeding do beef breeders do?
>80%
30
how much does a 2 breed rotation increase heterosis?
15%
31
how much does a 3 breed rotation increase heterosis?
23%
32
how much does a 4 breed rotation increase heterosis?
24%
33
T/F a higher number of breeds in a breeding rotation makes the increase in heterosis increase the most in the long run
false, it levels out
34
how long is gestation?
285 days (9 months)
35
how many days (in total) before rebreeding needs to be done?
80 days
36
how many days is lactational anestrous?
60 days
37
how many days to rebreed?
20 days
38
when do beef calves go to the feedlot?
9-11 months (800-900 lbs)
39
what increases skeletal and muscle development?
natural maturation
40
what do calves eat while in the stocker?
forages, pasture and crop residue
41
when do calves go to the feedlot?
850-1200 lbs
42
what do calves eat at the feedlots?
roughages and energy concentrates
43
what is the purpose of feedlots?
increase intramuscular fat, taste of fat, and color of fat
44
T/F organic means no antibiotics and no hormones
true
45
how old are grainfed cows before the slaughter house
14-16 months
46
how old are grainfed cows when they arrive at the feedlot?
9-12 months
47
how long are they in the feedlot?
50-120 days
48
corn fed
grainfed cows
49
white fat color
grainfed cows
50
high fat content
grainfed cows
51
consistent fat flavor
grainfed cows
52
lower connective tissue
grainfed cows
53
lower carbon footprint
grainfed cows
54
aged <72 hours
grainfed cows
55
more tender meat
grainfed cows
56
pasture/range only
grassfed
57
>2 years old
grassfed
58
yellow/orange fat color
grassfed
59
fat content varies
grassfed
60
fat content not USDA graded
grassfed
61
fat flavor varies
grassfed
62
increased connective tissue
grassfed
63
less tender
grassfed
64
20+ days aged
grassfed
65
higher carbon footprint
grassfed
66
takes more time and money
grassfed
67
4 companies process over 80% of all beef produced
Tyson, Cargill, JBS, National Beef
68
how many head of cattle annually?
35 million
69
aging in the packer?
72 hours
70
what temperature in the packer?
35-40 F
71
quality grade
prediction of palatability
72
yield grade
estimated proportion of "primary retail cuts" from a carcass
73
who's meat is tougher
older cows'
74
carcass maturity
A-E
75
A age?
9-30 months
76
B age?
30-42 months
77
C age?
42-72 months
78
D age?
72-96 months
79
E age?
>96 months
80
select
almost no intramuscular fat
81
choice
medium amount of intramuscular fat
82
prime
a lot of intramuscular fat
83
primary retail cuts
chuck, rib, lion, round
84
1 yield grade
more primary meats, less fat, BETTER
85
5 yield grade
more primary cuts, more fat, LESS
86
______ of extramuscular, _________ of intramuscular
less, more
87
best meat quality breed?
Japanese Wagyu
88
estrous cycle?
21 days
89
estrus?
12 hours
90
gestation?
285 days
91
T/F beef cows are non-seasonal polyestrous?
true
92
non-seasonal polyestrous
multiple estrous cycles
93
6-8 weeks after calving?
spring work: dehorning, vax, brand, castration
94
5-7 months after calving?
fall work: weaning, pregnancy check
95
weaning?
5-7 months (400-600 lbs)
96
sell offspring?
100% steers, 60% heifers
97
keep offspring?
40% heifers
98
keep offspring cycle?
replacement females, cull cows, heifer breeding season, calve, breed
99
how many heifers are replacement females?
40%
100
how many heifers are cull cows?
10-15%
101
weight during stocker?
750-850 lbs
102
weight during feedlot?
1150-1200 lbs
103
virgin heifer
easiest to breed but highest dystocia rate
104
1st calf cow
hardest to breed, extra month to recover
105
benefits of spring calving
nutrition and weather
106
cons of spring calving
value
107
who prefers spring calving?
northern states
108
benefits of fall calving
value
109
cons of fall calving
weather and nutrition
110
who prefers fall calving?
southern states
111
value of meat is related to what?
supply and demand
112
how many days do 1st calf cows have before rebreeding?
110 days
113
how many days do the rest of the herd have before rebreeding?
80 days
