Equine Flashcards
(145 cards)
1
Q
horse numbers by country
A
US, Mexico, China, Brazil, Argentina
2
Q
how many in US total
A
10 million
3
Q
US numbers by industry
A
Texas, California, Florida, Oklahoma, Kentucky
4
Q
2016 ownership cost of showhorse?
A
$24,239
5
Q
2016 ownership cost of recreational horse?
A
$6,710
6
Q
what is the median income of horse owners?
A
$59,039
7
Q
what percent of owners had an income of > $100,000 in 2016?
A
50%
8
Q
what percent of equids are horses?
A
87%
9
Q
what percent of equids are mini horses?
A
4%
10
Q
what percent of equids are donkeys?
A
4%
11
Q
what percent of equids are ponies?
A
3%
12
Q
what percent of equids are mules?
A
2%
13
Q
what percent of equids are wild/other?
A
1%
14
Q
what are all the functions of equids?
A
draft, light, gated, warm, ponies
15
Q
what are the three types of temperaments?
A
hot-blooded, cold-blooded, warm-blooded
16
Q
what is the temperament of draft horses?
A
cold blooded
17
Q
purpose of draft horses?
A
draft, draught, dray (to pull/haul)
18
Q
how many hands are draft horses?
A
16-19
19
Q
how many lbs are draft horse?
A
3,000 lbs
20
Q
characteristics of draft horses?
A
heavy boned, large frame, powerful, forward movement focused
21
Q
Belgian Draft
A
draft horse
22
Q
Clydesdale
A
draft horse
23
Q
Shire
A
draft horse
24
Q
Percheron
A
draft horse
25
Suffolk Punch
draft horse
26
what temperament are light horses?
hot blooded
27
what are light horses bred for?
riding
28
characteristics of light horses?
speedy, agility, and endurance
29
how many hands is a light horse?
14.3-17
30
how many lbs is a light horse?
1,000-1,500
31
Quarter Horse
light horse
32
Arabian
light horse
33
Thoroughbred
light horse
34
what temperament are gated horses?
hot blooded
35
what are gated horses bred for?
smooth movement
36
how many hands are gated horses?
14.3-17
37
how many lbs are gated horses?
1,000-1,500
38
American Saddlebred
gated horse
39
Tennessee Walker
gated horse
40
Standardbred
gated horse
41
warm blooded horses are made up of what?
hot and cold blooded horses
42
characteristics of warm blooded horses?
moderate frame, heavier boned
43
what are warm blooded horses bred for?
riding, jumping, dressage
44
how many hands are warm blooded horses?
16-18
45
how many lbs are warm blooded horses?
1,200-1,700
46
Hanoverian
warm blooded horse
47
Trakehner
warm blooded horse
48
Dutch Warmblood
warm blooded horse
49
T/F ponies can be both hot blooded and cold blooded
true
50
what are ponies bred for?
draft and riding
51
how many hands are ponies?
<14.2
52
how many lbs are ponies?
500-900
53
Shetland
pony
54
Welsh
pony
55
Hackney
pony
56
T/F mini horses cannot be both hot and cold blooded
false
57
T/F mini horses are more of a horse than a pony
true
58
how many hands are mini horses?
8.5-9.5
59
what are domestic donkeys bred for?
draft and riding
60
what temperament are domestic donkeys?
hot and cold blooded
61
types of donkeys?
Jerusalem Donkey, Mammoth Jack
62
how many hands are domestic donkeys?
>13.2
63
T/F horses are selected in an environment they will exceed and perform well in
true
64
T/F linebreeding is not common
false
65
concentrate genes from one individual
linebreeding
66
characteristics of linebreeding
sire performance, major selection criteria, money for service, limited offspring
67
crossbreeding is for ________ development?
breed
68
warmbloods are bred from what kind of breeding?
crossbreeding
69
hybrid vigor
increase in heterosis
70
estimate live foal crop percentage?
50-70%
71
T/F horses have a higher performance compared to other species
false
72
why do horses have lower performance compared to other species
long gestation, seasonal breeders, single bearing, longer time to reach puberty and maturity
73
estrous cycle
21 days
74
estrus
5-7 days
75
ovulation
24-48 hours (before end of estrus)
76
gestation
335 days
77
T/F 1st heat is usually not as fertile as the 2nd heat
true
78
when does foal heat occur?
9-14 days after birth
79
how many days from foaling to breeding in 2nd heat cycle?
30-33 days
80
most operations are how big?
small; fewer than 20
81
percent of pleasure horses?
46%
82
percent of farm/ranch work horses?
25%
83
percent of breeding horses?
16%
84
percent of show/comp horses?
10%
85
percent of lesson horses?
1%
86
percent of racing horses?
1%
87
percent of "other" horses?
1%
88
what five things do farm/ranch work involve?
cattle work, ranch work, roping, cutting, cow sense
89
ranch work
work livestock over rough terrain
90
roping
close contact to animals, high agility
91
cutting
highly athletic, trained to respond to calf movement after separation from herd
92
cow sense
seem to have greater interest in cattle
93
four events in horse shows?
riding, jumping, barrel racing, and rodeo
94
halter
confirmation and structure of horse
95
riding
performance of the horse and rider
96
jumping
timed and scored competition
97
barrel racing
speed and agility
98
rodeo
compete in events designed to replicate ranch work
99
lessons include...
teaching how to ride, self confidence, and therapeudic uses
100
racing performances are influenced by
surface, condition, age, level of training, nutrition
101
T/F horses are the most studied out of all of livestock
false
102
why are horses not studied as often?
long gestation, recreational use (low profit vs cattle), age to puberty, 1 offspring per year, lack of accurate records
103
what do we feed horses?
roughages: grass, alfalfa, hay
104
scapula human name?
shoulder blade
105
scapula equine name?
shoulder blade
106
shoulder blade scientific name?
scapula
107
humerus human name?
upper arm
108
humerus equine name?
upper arm
109
upper arm scientific name?
humerus
110
radius/ulna human name?
forearm
111
radius/ulna equine name?
forearm
112
forearm scientific name?
radius/ulna
113
carpus human name?
wrist
114
carpus equine name?
knee
115
knee scientific name?
carpus
116
metacarpal human name?
hand
117
metacarpal equine name?
cannon
118
cannon scientific name?
metacarpal
119
metacarpalphalangeal human name?
knuckle
120
metacarpalphalangeal equine name?
fetlock
121
fetlock scientific name?
metacarpalphalangeal
122
proximal phalanx human name?
P-1
123
proximal phalanx equine name?
long pastern
124
long pastern scientific name?
proximal phalanx
125
medial phalanx human name?
P-2
126
medial phalanx equine name?
short pastern
127
short pastern scientific name?
medial phalanx
128
distal phalanx human name?
P-3
129
distal phalanx equine name?
coffin
130
coffin scientific name?
distal phalanx
131
why is proper conformation of a horse important?
for the health and function of the horse
132
three types of gaits
walk, canter, trot/pace
133
walk
4 beat gait
134
walk is mainly for what
draft
135
slow is what kind of efficiency?
low
136
canter
3 beat gait
137
fast is what kind of efficiency?
low
138
trot/pace
2 beat gait
139
moderate is what kind of efficiency?
high
140
conformation
shape and structure of a horse
141
horse's neck should be _______ the length of the head
1 1/2 times
142
what angles should be between 40-55 degrees?
shoulder and pastern
143
why do the shoulder and pastern angles need to be between 40-55 degrees?
for good distribution of weight
144
T/F horses most the worst with a long neck and short back
false
145
correct leg structure can improve ________ and reduce ___________
performance, lameness
