Damage and Repair Flashcards
(15 cards)
What is the cellular response to axonal injury?
Axonal injury triggers Wallerian degeneration in the distal segment and a regeneration response in the proximal segment.
Why does the CNS have limited capacity for axonal regrowth compared to the PNS?
Due to inhibitory molecules in CNS myelin, lack of growth-promoting factors, and glial scar formation.
What is neuroplasticity?
The brain’s ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections.
Why is neuroplasticity important in brain injury?
It allows compensation for lost functions and adaptation by remaining brain regions.
How does neuroplasticity function in a healthy brain?
It supports learning, memory, and adaptation to new experiences.
What is apoptosis in neurons?
A programmed and regulated form of cell death without inflammation.
What is necrosis in neurons?
A form of traumatic cell death that causes inflammation and tissue damage.
Which cell death pathway is associated with neurodegenerative diseases?
Apoptosis; for example, in Alzheimer’s disease.
Which cell death pathway is associated with acute CNS injury?
Necrosis; for example, following stroke or traumatic brain injury.
List factors that influence brain health.
Diet, exercise, sleep, social interaction, cognitive engagement, and avoiding toxins.
How does brain ageing affect neural function?
It leads to gradual loss of synaptic plasticity, slower processing, and reduced neurogenesis.
How can lifestyle impact brain health?
Healthy choices like physical activity and a balanced diet support cognition and delay ageing effects.
What role do glial cells play in CNS injury?
They can form a glial scar that inhibits axonal regrowth.
What is Wallerian degeneration?
The process by which the part of an axon separated from the neuron’s cell body degenerates.
Name one CNS and one PNS example of neuronal regeneration.
CNS: limited regeneration post-stroke. PNS: regrowth after peripheral nerve crush injury.
