Data all 2 Flashcards
(75 cards)
What is thrombocytosis?
High platlet count >400
What are 3 causes of thrombocytosis in in primary haematological disease?
- Essential thrombocytopaenia and other mylkoproliferative disorders
- Chronic myeloid leukaemia
- myelodisplasia
name 3 causes of reactive thrombocytosis?
- infection
- inflammation
- Malignancy
- Bleeding
- Pregnancy
- Post slenectomy
Name 3 causes of thrombocytopaenia due to reduced platlet production as a result of bone marrow failure?
- Infections
- Drug induced - Penicillamine
- Leukamia
- Aplastic anaemia
- Myelofibrosis
- Bone marrow replacement
- Myelodisplasia
- megaloblastic anaemia
What is hesselbachs triangle?
Also called the inguinal triangle, it is a depression that sits medially to the ,superficial inguinal ring through which direct inguinal hernias protrude through the abdominal wall
What are the borders of the inguinal/hesselbachs triangle?
- Medially - rectus abdominus
- Laterally - the inderior epigastric artery and vein
- inferiorly - The inguinal ligament
What type of hernia comes through the inguinal canal?
an indirect hernia
name 6 types of hearnia?
- Inguinal hernia .
- Femoral hernia.
- Umbilical hernia.
- Incisional hernia.
- Epigastric hernia.
- Hiatal hernia
Name 3 causes of increased intra-abdominal pressure?
- Obesity
- Pregnancy
- Other organomegaly
- COPD/chronic cough
- Prostatism
- Constipation
- heavy lifting
If the hearnia is in the scrotum, what type of hearnia is it?
Indirect is commonly found. Rarely though, it may be a direct hearnia.
What does the following Hepatitis screen indicate?
HbsAG - Negative
Anti-HBc -Negative
Anti-HBs - Negative
It means that the individual is suceptable and needs to be vaccinated
What does the following Hepatitis screen indicate?
HbsAG - Negative
Anti-HBc -Positive
Anti-HBs - Positive
It means that they have a resolved hepatitis B infection
What does the following Hepatitis screen indicate?
HbsAG - Negative
Anti-HBc -Negative
Anti-HBs - Positive
It means that they have been vaccinated.
What does the following Hepatitis screen indicate?
HbsAG - positive
Anti-HBc -Positive
Anti-HBs - Negative
It means that they have an active chronic hepatitis B infection
What antibody is raised in primary biliary cirrohsis?
Anti-mitochondrial antibody
What are the 3 umbrella causes of acute kidney failure?
- Prerenal - sudden drop in blood pressure or interupption to blood flow to kidneys
- intrarenal - direct damage to the kidneys eg. toxins, medication, inflammation, infection
- postrenal - sudden obstruction to urineflow eg. enlarged prostate, bladder stones, bladder cancer
What is a common electrolyte imbalance associated with sarcoidosis?
Hypercalcaemia
What does trismus mean?
Difficulty opening mouth due to irritation of the muscles of mastication
Where do you insert a canula for pneumothorax aspiration?
Between the 2nd and 3rd rib, mid clavicular line.
what part of the prostate gives rise to 70-80% of prostate cancer?
Peripheral zone
Name 6 complications of diabetes mellitus?
- peripheral neuropathy
- cerebro vascular disease
- Retinopathy and blindness
- Heart attack
- permanent kidney damage
- diabetic foot infections
What are ulcers in the mouth called?
aphthous ulcer
What are the features of an arterial ulcer?
- Located on the lower legs and tops of the feet or toes
- A tendency to be painful, particularly at night
- A symmetrical shape with well-defined borders, often described as having a ‘punched-out appearance’
- Minimal bleeding when touched or knocked
- Cool, pale or bluish surrounding skin that appears shiny
- Loss of leg hair
- Faint or absent ankle pulses.
What are the features of a venous ulcer?
- Being located on the lower legs, commonly the inner ankle or ‘gaiter’ region
- Causing minimal pain
- A tendency to be shallow, with lots of exudate.
