Eye data questions

Question 1

What is this?

Answer 1

Diabetic fundus

Question 2

What is this?

Answer 2

Hypertensive fundus

Question 3

What signs are indicitive of a hypertensive fundus?

Answer 3

• Silver wiring.
• A-V nipping.
• Cotton wool spots.
• Flame haemorrhages
• ‘Macular star’ exudates
• Optic disc oedema

Question 4

What signs are indicitive of a diabetic fundus?

Answer 4

• Microaneurysms.
• Dot and blot haemorrhages.
• Flame haemorrhages.
• Hard exudates.
• Cotton wool spots.
• Neovascularisation

Question 5

What is this?

Answer 5

Papilloedema

Question 6

What signs on observation would be indicitive of papilloedema?

Answer 6

• Venous engorgement.
• Loss of venous pulsation.
• Blurred disc margins.
• Haemorrhage adjacent to the disc

Question 7

What disease is most implicated by the obeservation of ‘flame haemorrhages’ in the fundus?

Answer 7

• Hypertension
• Also present in retinal vein occlusion, optic neuropathies

Question 8

What heamorrhages are associated with diabetic retinopathy?

Answer 8

Blot heamorrhages

Question 9

What causes the build up of hard exudate in diabetic retinopathy?

Answer 9

Leakage of plasma results in deposits of lipid breakdown products

Question 10

With what eye pathology would you associate photocoagulation scars?

Answer 10

Hypertension

Question 11

What is this?

Answer 11

Retinal detachment

Question 12

What symptoms would you associate with retinal detachment?

Answer 12

• ‘like a curtain coming down’
• Flashing lights

Question 13

What is a common pathology associated with retinal detachment?

Answer 13

Myopia → short sightedness

Question 14

What is this?

Answer 14

• Papilloedema
• Almost always presents as a bilateral phenomenon and may develop over hours to weeks

Question 15

What pathology is papiloedema associated with?

Answer 15

• Raised intracranial pressure
• Malignant hypertension
• Optic neuritis

Question 16

What symptoms does papiloedema present with?

Answer 16

• Enlarged blind spot
• Normal visual acuity & colour vision

Question 17

What is this?

Answer 17

Subconjuntival heamorrhage

Question 18

What factors increase the risk of subconjuntival heamorrhage?

Answer 18

• Suddenly increase pressure – such as coughing, hypertension or Aspirin (as anti-platelet agent) will make this more likely as will trauma and increasing age

Question 19

What is the dye used in this photo? and what is the pathology visible?

Answer 19

• Fluorescein
• Corneal abrassion

Question 20

What is the pathology in this photo?

Answer 20

Small foreign boby on the inside of the eye lid.

Question 21

What colour light is used to veiw flourescein? and what coloured light is used to veiw arteries inside the fundus?

Answer 21

• Flourescein = blue light
• Blood vessels in the fundus = Green light

Question 22

What has happened in this picture?

Answer 22

a hyphema—a hemorrhage in the bottom of the anterior chamber of the eye

Question 23

What is this clinical sign? and what is it associated with?

Answer 23

Ptosis and horners. While Ca lung is a cause of horner’s and ptosis, it wouldn’t be expected in a 6 year old

Question 24

What muscles and cranial nerves are associated with these eye movments?

Answer 24

A.Superior rectus → CN 3

B.inferior oblique → CN3

C. Medial rectus → CN 3

D. Superior oblique → CN4

E. inferior rectus → CN 3

F. lateral rectus → CN6

Question 25

What is this called? and where is the pathology?

Answer 25

Bitemporal hemianopia → Optic chiasm pathology

Question 26

What is this visual field defect called and where is the lesion?

Answer 26

Homonymous hemianopia → optic tract lesion

Question 27

What is this visual field defect called and what causes it?

Answer 27

Central Scotoma * MS * Malignant hypertension * Toxins (drugs Alcohol) * Vascular

Question 28

What is this?

Answer 28

Horners syndrome * Miosis * Anhidrosis * Ptosis * +/- enophthalmos

Question 29

What are the causes of Horners syndrome?

Answer 29

* Pancoast tumour * Brainstem stroke or tumour * Syringomyelia * Dissecting carotid aneurysm * Trauma to the brachial plexus * Migraine

Question 30

What is this?

Answer 30

Xanthelasma •Hyperlipidaemia

Question 31

A lesion to which CN causes this?

Answer 31

Occulo motor nerve → CN3

Question 32

What is this?

Answer 32

Diabetic retinopathy

Question 33

What is this? What are the causes and what is the initial managment?

Answer 33

* Orbital cellulitis * Meningitis, Cavernous sinus thrombosis Treatment → IV antibiotics, Surgical decompression

Question 34

What is this? what are 2 possible causes?

Answer 34

* Pappiloedema * Raised intacranial pressure * Malignant hypertension * Central retinal vein thrombosis

Question 35

What is this?

Answer 35

Dendritic ulcer → Herpes simplex keratitis

Question 36

What is the difference between proliferative and non proliferative diabetic retinopathy?

Answer 36

The PROLIFERATION of blood vessels

Question 37

What is this?

Answer 37

Trigeminal Herpes Ophthalmicus

Question 38

What is this lesion and what causes it?

Answer 38

* Roths spot. * Subacute Bacterial endocarditis * Anaemia * Leucaemia

Question 39

What is this?

Answer 39

Exophthalmus

Question 40

What is this? and what syndrome is at particular risk of suffering it?

Answer 40

Lens dislocation → Marfans syndrome

Question 41

This man has bilateral ptosis, slowly progressive muscular wasting, cataracts and is slow to release your hand after shaking hands. What is the diagnosis?

Answer 41

Myotonic dystrophy * Slowly progressing muscle wasting * Myotonia –muscles slow to relax after exertion * Autosomal dominant * Heart conduction defects * Cataracts

Question 42

What is this in a patient presenting with reduced vision?

Answer 42

* Pale optic disc * Optic atrophy secondary to optic neuritis

Question 43

What is this?

Answer 43

Stye (Hordeolum) * Staphylococcal infection of lash follicle * treat with cloramphenicol

Question 44

What is this?

Answer 44

Conjunctivitis

Question 45

What is this?

Answer 45

Central retinal vein thrombosis