Data Handling And Analysis Flashcards Preview

Psychology AQA Paper 2 > Data Handling And Analysis > Flashcards

Flashcards in Data Handling And Analysis Deck (22)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

What are the measures of central tendency and dispersion

A

Mean, median, mode, range and standard deviation

2
Q

Discuss and evaluate mean

A

Add up all numbers and divide by N ratio and interval data only
Most sensitive because uses exact distance, distorted by extreme values, but not appropriate for ordinal data or discrete values

3
Q

Discuss and evaluate the median

A

Are you unselect midpoint the ratio, interval and ordinal data
Useful for extreme values, but not as sensitive as mean

4
Q

Discuss and evaluate the mode

A

Most common value or group. Maybe bimodal. Can be used with all levels of measurement
Useful for nominal data, but not good when there are many modal groups

5
Q

Discuss and evaluate the range

A

Subtract lowest from highest and add the correction of one

Easy to calculate, but affected by extreme numbers and doesn’t reflect the data distribution

6
Q

Discuss and evaluate standard deviation

A

Average distance between each number and the main

Takes exact values into account may be affected by extreme values

7
Q

How do you display quantitive data

A

Tables and graphs must have a title and clear labels
Tables may contain measures of central tendency and dispersion
Bar chart, histogram, line graph, scattergram

8
Q

Explain a bar chart

A

Height of bar represents frequency, date on X axis may not be continuous

9
Q

Explain the histogram

A

Represents frequency of continuous data, true zero and bobs next to each other

10
Q

Explain a line graph

A

Frequency represented by a line rather than bars

11
Q

Explain a scattergram

A

Shows correlation between covariables

12
Q

What are the types of data distributions

A

Normal distribution, positive skew, negative skew

13
Q

Discuss a normal distribution

A

Symmetrical bell shaped curve; mean, median and mode at midpoint; about 68% of people are one standard deviation above and below the midpoint, 95% within two standard deviation from midpoint

14
Q

Discuss a positive skew

A

Tail to right, occurs eg: test too hard

15
Q

Discuss a negative skew

A

Tail to left, because e.g. when test to easy

16
Q

What are the types of data

A

Quantitive
Qualitative
Primary
Secondary

17
Q

Discuss and evaluate quantitive data

A

Numerical, easy to analyse but may not represent reality

18
Q

Discuss and evaluate quantitative data

A

Can’t be directly counted, detailed and possibly unexpected information, but more difficult to draw conclusions

19
Q

Discuss and evaluate primary data

A

Collected by the researcher for current study, involves design a study to collect data. Suits the needs of the study, but time-consuming and expensive

20
Q

Discuss and evaluate secondary data

A

Using data collected for previous study. Saves time and money but may not fit exact needs of study

21
Q

When do you use the sign test

A

With paired or related data

22
Q

How do you do the sign test

A

Represent each pair of data with plus or minus, calculated value of S= less frequent sign
Look up critical value of S, need to know N and whether one-tailed or two-tailed test
Conclusion is if the calculation value is less than or equal to critical value the difference is significant
Probability level of 5% is commonly used