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May 2023 ChELE > Day 1 Concepts + others > Flashcards

Day 1 Concepts + others Flashcards

1
Q

Given: aspirin = 25 g; yield = 75%
Required: salicylic acid

A

salicylic acid = 26 g

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2
Q

Given: salicylic acid (no given) ; yield = 75%
Required: aspirin

A

aspirin = 25 g

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3
Q

homogeneous or heterogeneous:
I. a door; II. the air you breathe; III. a cup of coffee (black) ; IV. the water you drink; V. salsa ; VI. your lab partner

A

A. hetero, homo, homo, homo, hetero, hetero

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4
Q

Where in the body does fatty acid synthesis occur?

A

Cytoplasm

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5
Q

Suppose you have a phosphate buffer of pH 7.21.
If you add more solid NaH2PO4 to this buffer, would you expect the pH of the buffer to increase, decrease, or remain unchanged?

A

decrease

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6
Q

If each mole of ATP yields 7.3 kcal of energy upon
hydrolysis, how many kilocalories of energy would you get from 1 g of CH3COO- entering the citric acid cycle?

A

1.5 kcal

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7
Q

difference between a coenzyme and a cofactor?
A. Coenzyme activator is inorganic while cofactor is organic
B. Coenzyme needs allosteric activator while cofactor
requires conformational induction
C. Cofactor contains heme groups, coenzyme has disulfide
bridge
D. Cofactor is more generic; it means a nonprotein part of
an enzyme. A coenzyme is an organic factor.

A

D. Cofactor is more generic; it means a nonprotein part of
an enzyme. A coenzyme is an organic factor.

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8
Q

Who discovered phenolphthalein

A

A. Adolf von Baeyer

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9
Q

How many high-energy phosphate bonds are in the ATP molecule?

A

2

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10
Q

. Classify each of the following as an element, a compound, or
a mixture.
a) diamond
b) sea water
c) gasoline
d) wine
e) a pebble
f) bronze

A

A. element, mixture, mixture, mixture, mixture, mixture

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11
Q

. Which has higher absolute entropy at a temperature of 250C,
cyclopropane or propylene? Why?
A. Both have the same absolute entropy at normal
temperature.
B. Propylene due to the free rotation around the carboncarbon single bond.
C. Cyclopropane due to the free rotation around the carboncarbon double bond.
D. None of these

A

B. Propylene due to the free rotation around the carboncarbon single bond.

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12
Q

. Glucose is the only carbohydrate compound that the brain can
use for energy. Which pathway is mobilized to supply the
need of the brain during starvation?

A

gluconeogenesis

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13
Q

45K, 56Fe, 11Na, 194Tl.
stable or
unstable (radioactive).

A

B. unstable-beta production, stable, unstable-positron
production,unstable-alpha production

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14
Q

Crystals of a material are suspended in the middle of a cup of water at 2 deg C. How might you enable the crystals to rise to the surface of the water so that you can harvest them?
a. Add more crystals
b. Add more water
c. Decrease the temperature of water to 0 deg C
d. Increase the temperature of water to 4 deg C

A

d. Increase the temperature of water to 4 deg C

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15
Q

one drop of water

A

0.05 ml H2O = 0.05 g

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16
Q

Which of the following objects are chiral (assume that there
is no label or other identifying mark)?
a) Pair of scissors
b) Tennis ball
c) Paper clip
d) Beaker
e) The swirl created in water as it drains out of a sink or bathtub

A

D. chiral, achiral, achiral, achiral, chiral

Paper clip is chiral

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17
Q

How to differentiate alkane alkene and alkyne?

A

C. reaction with Br2

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18
Q

How many carbon atoms in olvanil?

A

C26H43NO3

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19
Q

These compounds are formed by the reaction of acids with alcohol

A

esters

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20
Q

. Answer the following questions
Is H+ (aq) capable of oxidizing Cu(s) to Cu2+ (aq)?
Is Fe3+ (aq) capable of oxidizing I- (aq)?
Is H2 (g) capable of oxidizing Ag+ (aq)?

A

no, yes, yes

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21
Q

Determine whether TRUE or FALSE about the constitutional
isomer.
A.) They have the same molecular formula
B.) They have the same molecular weight
C.) They have the same connectivity to their atoms
D.) They have the same physical properties

A

T; T; F; F

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22
Q

Number of double bonds in geraniol

A

2

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23
Q

differences in structure between a saturated
hydrocarbon from an unsaturated hydrocarbon

A

A saturated hydrocarbons contains only carbon-carbon
single bonds, while an unsaturated hydrocarbon contains one
or more carbon-carbon double or triple bonds.

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24
Q

. Determine whether the following statements are TRUE or FALSE.
a) For all adiabatic processes, the entropy change of the system must be zero
b) For one component system, it is possible for two phases in equilibrium to have different chemical potentials.
c) The change in Gibb’s free energy can be negative for a cyclic process.
d) A condition for equilibrium is that(∆A) T, F =0

A

D. F, F, F, F

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25
Q

. Are the following processes exothermic or endothermic?
a) When solid KBr is dissolved in water, the solution gets colder.
b) Natural gas (CH4) is burned in a furnace.
c) When concentrated H2SO4 is added to water, the solution gets
very hot.
d) Water is boiled in a teakettle

A

D. endothermic, exothermic, exothermic, endothermic

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26
Q

. Fatty acid such as lauric acid and palmitic acid and oleic acid are long unbranched carboxylic acids consisting of 12 to 20 carbon
atoms. Which type of fatty acid should people avoid ingesting, saturated or unsaturated and why?
A. Saturated, because the risk of cardiovascular disease is increased.
B. Fatty acids are safe to ingest.
C. Unsaturated, because the risk of cardiovascular disease is increased.
D. Both fatty acids, because the risk of cardiovascular disease is increased.

A

A. Saturated, because the risk of cardiovascular disease is increased.

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27
Q

We heat 50.0 g of an unknown substance by adding 205 cal, and its temperature rises by 7.0°C. Identify the substance.

A

ethanol

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28
Q

Do isotopes of the heavy elements (for example, those from atomic number 37 to 53) contain more, the same, or fewer neutrons than protons?

A

more

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29
Q

The purpose of control rods in a fission reactor is to:

A

C. absorb neutrons generated in the fission process.

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30
Q

A landfill that is 12 ha in area has a liner of thickness 0.9 m. Each year 1700 m3 of leachate is collected. The hydraulic conductivity of the liner is 3.9 × 10−10 m · s−1. What is the head of water above the liner?

A

1.04 m

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31
Q

Natural amino acid that has no chiral center

A

Glycine

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32
Q

If 5g of methane gas is burned at constant pressure, determine the heat released in kJ if the change in entropy that accompanied the reaction is -890kJ.

A

-278.12K

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33
Q

Calculate the degree of deprotonation of the side chain of cysteine at pH 7.30, given that the side chain –SH group has pKa = 8.20.

A

0.86

Histidine pKa in book: 6.5

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34
Q

Wien’s Displacement law

A

peak wavelength = b / T
b = proportionality constant (2.897x10^(-3) m*K)
T = absolute T

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35
Q

55.How many moles of beryllium would 43.1 pure aquamarine contain?

A

1.1x10^2

36
Q

A magnesium hydroxide solution is prepared by adding 10.00 g of magnesium hydroxide to a volumetric flask and bringing the final volume to 1.00 L by adding water buffered at a pH of 7.0. What is the concentration of magnesium in this solution? (Assume that the temperature is 25degC and the ionic strength is negligible).

A

0.17 M

37
Q

11-tetradecenyl acetate

A

C16H30O2
MW: 254

38
Q

polychlorinated biphenyl

A

C12H6Cl16
Key: C12

39
Q

Coulomb per electron constant

A

constant 23

40
Q

half life of iodine 131/53

A

8 days

41
Q

half life of
Rb-82
Rb-83
Rb-84
Rb-87

A

Rb-82: 1.26 min
Rb-83: 86.2
Rb-84: 33 days
Rb-87: 4.81x10^10 years

42
Q
  1. Determine the age of the mineral sample which contains 50.05 mg of 238 Uranium and
    14.05 mg of 206 lead. Assume a half-life for the process of 238 U and 206 Pb at 4.52
    x10^9 years.
    A. K = 1.50 x10^-10 per year; 75.2 mg 238 U; 2.20 x10^9 years old
    B. K = 1.80 x10^-9 per year; 66.2 mg 238 U; 1.80 x10^9 years old
    C. K = 0.90 x10^-8 per year; 56.1 mg 238 U; 1.30 x10^9 years old
    D. K = 2.10 x10^-10 per year; 87.1 mg 238 U; 2.80 x10^9 years old
A

B. K = 1.80 x10^-9 per year; 66.2 mg 238 U; 1.80 x10^9 years old

43
Q

What is the common contaminant in the BTEx process?

A

Sulfur

44
Q

chemical formula of Alar?

A

C6H12N2O3

45
Q

primary application of ethylene?

A

Use as a plant hormone for ripening of fruits

46
Q

another name for lecithin?

A

Phosphatidylcholine

47
Q

From which plant is capsaicin extracted?

A

Capsicum
capsaicin: C18H27NO3
responsible for spiciness

48
Q

Which compound is formed by the reaction of malonic acid and urea with a catalyst,
as discovered by Adolf von Baeyer?

A

Barbituric acid

49
Q

What structural characteristics do citric acid and malic acid have in common?

A

They are both hydroxy acids

50
Q

Using the van der Waals, derive the equation for (dH/dP)T for van der Waals gas and
estimate (dH/dP)T for CO2 (g) in J/barmol when the temperature is at 300 K given the
data a = 3.64 L2/bar/mol/mol and b = 0.042 L/mol.

A

b-2a/RT; -25

51
Q

Radioactive solid nuclear wastes are disposed off by

A

underground burial in concrete containers

52
Q

linearization, calculate k and Lo

A

x vs (t/BOD)^(1/3)
k=6m/b
Lo=1/(6mb^2)
m=slope
b = y int

53
Q

Above the stratosphere, the concentration of ozone and other gases is low, and the
temperature decreases with increasing altitude

A

mesosphere

54
Q

A municipal landfill has available space of 16.2 ha at an average depth of 10 m.
Seven hundred sixty-five (765) m^3 of solid waste is dumped at the site 5 days a week.
This waste is compacted to twice its delivered density. Draw a mass-balance diagram
and estimate the expected life of the landfill in years.

A

16

55
Q

A farmer has a 7-year rotation of corn, soybeans,…
Calculate the available nitrogen per kilogram of manure and the kilograms of manure
per hectare that must be applied to meet the corn’s nitrogen needs.

A

5gN/kg manure; 20000 g manure/ha

56
Q

A deer eats 25 kg of herbaceous material per day. The herbaceous matter is
approximately 20% dry matter (DM) and has an energy content of 10 MJ · (kg DM)−1. Of
the total energy ingested per day, 25% is excreted as undigested material. Of the 75%
that is digested, 80% is lost to metabolic waste products and heat. The remaining 20%
is converted to body tissue. Calculate the percentage of energy consumed that is
converted to body tissue.

A

15%
multiply lang yung % digested and % converted to body tissue

57
Q

number of double bonds

A

C-(H/2)+(N/2)+1

58
Q

Which among the following statements
is true regarding the boiling point and
density of an unsubstituted alkane and a
halogen-substituted alkane?

A

A:Both the boiling point and density of a
halogen-substituted alkane is larger than
that of its unsubstituted alkane
counterpart.

59
Q

A:Both the boiling point and density of a
halogen-substituted alkane is larger than
that of its unsubstituted alkane
counterpart.

A

A:Both the boiling point and density of a
halogen-substituted alkane is larger than
that of its unsubstituted alkane
counterpart.

60
Q

A chemical engineering student is
studying the reaction mechanism of a
certain compound V. In one of the runs,
compound V was dissolved in methanol and
subsequently reacted with ozone, forming
compound W. Compound W later underwent
reduction through a reaction with
dimethyl sulfide forming Acetone and
Acetaldehyde. Identify Compound V.

A

D: 2-methyl-2-butene
key: 2-2

61
Q

Deterioration of Ozone

A

Mario Molina and Sherwood Roland: CFCs
Paul Crutzen: NOx

62
Q

% atom economy

A

stoich mass of desired product over total mass of stoich mixture of reactants

63
Q

Raschig Process % atom economy

A

17.3%

64
Q

diagnosing albinism

A

Chromium-51

65
Q

Whole body scan for tumors

A

Gallium-67

66
Q

pancreas

A

Selenium-75

67
Q

Long ventilation scans

A

Krypton-81m

68
Q

explained the process of smell

A

Richard Axel and Linda Buck
Rhodopsin

69
Q

sense of sight

A

retinal

70
Q

Retinol

A

Vitamin A
Key: Retinola

71
Q

quick reminder

A

if given ng mm of a certain compound, we can use it to get mm Hg by Pcompound = P of Hg where P = rho g h

72
Q

foods not to consume when you take drug exam or urine test

A

bagel with poppy seeds bexause it contains opium

73
Q

belladona plant

A

atropine
used to treat nerve agents and pesticide poisoning
key: bellatropine

74
Q

bark of willow tree

A

salicin
used to produce aspirn

75
Q

Classify the following biochemical
compounds whether they are hydrophilic,
hydrophobic, or amphipathic: Fatty
Acid, Glycerol, Soap, Stearic Acid

A

D: Hydrophobic, Hydrophilic,
Amphipathic, Hydrophobic

76
Q

A manufacturing plant in Laguna that produces boron-based additives… How much additional borax in kg must be processed in order to maintain the 1 MT Boron produced in a standard run of Kernite?

A

2495 kg

77
Q

To execute his trick, If he releases laughing gas
from the front and tear gas at the rear of a 201 row hall, which row will inevitably smile and cry at the same time?

A

D: 134th Row

78
Q

Two beakers containing sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid separately was neutralized by the same base… what is the mass ratio of sulfuric acid to phosphoric acid that was originally present in the beakers?

A

A: 1⁄2

79
Q

Assuming a situation where a strong acid is mixed with a strong base, if each solution has a concentration of 1 N, which mixture will display the highest increase in temperature?
A: 25 mL acid and 25 mL base
B: 20 mL acid and 30 mL base
C: 10 mL acid and 40 mL base
D: 35 mL acid and 15 mL base

A

A: 25 mL acid and 25 mL base
list yung pinakamaliit na volume ng bawat choices then yung pinakamataas dun yung answer

80
Q

…. The student then took 20 mL aliquots of each solution and placed them beside one another inside a glass cover. Assuming the solutions reached equilibrium:
1. What is the volume of the non- electrolyte solution aliquot?
2. What is the volume of the sodium chloride solution aliquot?

A
  1. 18.18 mL
  2. 21.82 mL
    key: ang may pinakamalaking volume ay yung solution that is less concentrated at the beginning
    concentration NE = conc NaCl
    mol NE /(20 - V) = (mol NaCl *i) / (20 + V)
    i = vant hoff factor; 2 for NaCl
    mole = volume of aliquot x conc
81
Q

Which among the following salts should the sculptor
use for this task to efficiently make use of his time?

A

CaCl2
lowest melting point
highest vant hoff factor

82
Q

U-238 half life

A

4.52x10^9 years

83
Q

Laughing Gas

A

Nitrous Oxide

84
Q

A solution of cation gives a crimson red flame. This flame test is a confirmatory test for:

A

Sr2+

85
Q

It is an organic reaction that converts an alcohol into an alkyl chlorine using triphenylphosphine and carbon tetrachloride.

A

Appel Reaction

86
Q

One mole of A at one bar and one mole of B at 2 bar are separated by a partition and surrounded by a heart reservoir. Determine the change in entropy when partition is withdrawn.

A

12.50 J/K/mol

87
Q

When travelling at NLEX at 80mph, a stopped car in front causes you to suddenly skid to stop. What happened to the kinetic energy of the moving car?

A

All of it transferred to the road and surroundings

May 2023 ChELE (11 decks)

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