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May 2023 ChELE > Org Chem Extras > Flashcards

Org Chem Extras Flashcards

1
Q

Wohler Synthesis

A

started disproving vitalism
ammonium cyanate to urea

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2
Q

vitalism

A

organic raw material will produce organic product
inorganic raw material will produce inorganic product

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3
Q

Adolph Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe

A

totally disproved vitalism
carbon disulfide to carbon dioxide

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4
Q

Explain Resonance

A

electron delocalization: electrons are shared by several nuclei. dynamic sya unlike Lewis structure na yung shared electrons is solely sa dalawang atoms lang.

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5
Q

each structures of resonance

A

resonance hybrid
contributing structures

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6
Q

Formal Charge Formula

A

no. of valence electron - no. of bonds - no. of unshared electrons
no. of valence electron based on periodic table (group)

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7
Q

alkane (hydrogen count)

A
  • in each double bond, two H is lost
  • in each triple bond, four H is lost
  • in each ring formed, two H is lost
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8
Q

max # of stereoisomer possible
# of enantiomers
# of diastereomers

A

max # of stereoisomer possible = 2^n
n = # of chirality centers
# of enantiomers = 2
# of diastereomers = (2^n) - 2

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9
Q

Identify alkane given molecular weight

A

MW = 12n + 2n + 2

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10
Q

alkene stability relationship

A

heat of combustion or potential energy (inverse)
no. of C atoms (inverse)
branching (direct)

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11
Q

alkoxy

A

CH3CHO

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12
Q

Cahn Ingold Prelog Priority Rules

A
  1. Priority is high atomic number
  2. Compare the atoms one by one, at the first point of difference
  3. if there are multiple bonds, magiging single bond sya but replicates of the atom na yun na nakamultiple bond
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13
Q

Degree of Unsaturation

A

(max H - actual H)/2
* max H = 2n + 2 ; n is # of C atoms
* act H = act H given + X - N ; X = halogen if there are any
* ignore oxygen

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14
Q

Alkene stability in order of importance

A

of C atoms (inverse)
branching - how substituted the double bonded carbon is (direct)
Trans/E (direct)

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15
Q

introduced VSEPR

A

Ronald Nyholm and Ronald Gillespie

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16
Q

original idea of molecular geometry

A

Ryutaro Tsuchida

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17
Q

proposed the same idea by Tsuchida in Bakerian Lecture

A

Nevil Vincent Sidgwick and Herbert Marcus Powell

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18
Q

Electron Group Geometry

A

Bilangin yung bonds and lone pairs ng central atom. Double bond count as one and lone pair count as one
2 = linear
3 = trigonal planar
4 = tetrahedral
5 = trigonal bipyramidal
6 = octahedral

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19
Q

Molecular Geometry

A

AXnEn
Xn = no of bonds
En = no of lone pairs
Parang electron group geometry lang din pero magkahiwalay na bilang na yung bonds and lone pairs

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20
Q

Hybridization

A

Number of electron groups
Bilangin lang bonds like if central atom yung hinihingi

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21
Q

Zero degree polarized light

A

50% enantiomer 1; 50% enantiomer 2
Equal amounts of two enantiomers

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22
Q

Wurtz Synthesis

A

Reaction with Sodium in Dry Ether
Dinodoble yung reactant and pinagcoconnect yung dalawang reactant while removing the functional group nung dalawang reactant.

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23
Q

Alcoholic KOH reaction

A

Used to produce alkene.
Follows Markovnikov’s Rule: Kung saan may konting hydrogen, doon pupunta ang double bond

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24
Q

Product of ozonolysis (triple bond)

A

carboxylic acid

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25
Q

Product of ozonolysis (double bond)

A

aldehyde

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26
Q

aldehyde

A

R (C d. bond O) - H
terminal

27
Q

Ketone

A

R (C d. bond O) - R

28
Q

Carboxylic acid

A

R (C d. bond O) - OH

29
Q

Ether

A

R-O-R

30
Q

Ester

A

R (C d. bond O) - O - R

31
Q

Wurtz synthesis prefers a chain that has

A

even number of carbons

32
Q

Grignard Synthesis

A

Removal of halogen group in the structure
kapag Grignard and carbonyl, pinapalitan lang yung OH ng =O tapos dinidikit yung alkyl group sa reactant if meron man

33
Q

Sulfonation

A

HSO3. kakabit sya sa malapit sa alkyl group sa benzene ring

34
Q

Hybridization

A

single bond: sp3
double bond: sp2
triple bond: sp

35
Q

oxymercuration-demercuration
hydroboration-oxidation

A

oxymercuration-demercuration: markovnikov
hydroboration-oxidation: anti markovnikov
ROH product

36
Q

LiAlH4

A

strong reducing agent
pinapababa yung family

37
Q

aldehyde nomenclature

A

form: one carbon
acet: two carbons
propion: three carbons
butyr: four carbons
valer: five carbons

remember na aldehyde ha. kaya may C=O. kaya nga aldehyde kalerks

38
Q

KMnO4

A

Strong oxidizing agent
pinapataas yung family

39
Q

Williamson Synthesis

A

alcohol + alkyl halide
nagdadagdag lang ng carbon sa original structure

40
Q

Boiling points of alkane

A

up until C4, it is gas at room temp. C5 and up are liquids

41
Q

Part of a molecule where
most of its chemical
reactions occur

A

d.Functional group

42
Q

The following reagents will
produce an alkane from an alkyl
halide EXCEPT
a. Zn/H+
b. alcoholic KOH
c. Na/dry ether
d. All of these

A

b. alcoholic KOH

43
Q

The following reagents
will yield an alkyl halide
from an alkene EXCEPT
a.Br2 / uv or light
b.HCl
c.Br2 in CCl4
d.HBr / peroxide

A

a.Br2 / uv or light

44
Q

Addition of HBr to
alkynes results in the
formation of

A

geminal dihalide

45
Q

All of the following are
ortho and para directing
substituents EXCEPT
a. -OH
b. -OR
c. -F
d. -NO2

A

d. -NO2

46
Q

Friedel-Crafts acylation
of benzene with acetyl
chloride in AlCl3 yields

A

c. acetophenone

47
Q

Oxidation of isopropyl
alcohol with KMnO4
will yield
a. acetone
b. acetaldehyde
c. acetic acid
d. diethyl ether

A

a. acetone

48
Q

In Williamson synthesis of
methyl isopropyl ether, the
alcohol used is

A

isopropyl alcohol

49
Q

Vinylbenzene is also known as

A

styrene

50
Q

A tertiary alcohol is
produced using Grignard Reagent
using a/an

A

ketone

51
Q

Carbonyl compounds can be
obtained by reduction using the
following except __
a. ester
b. acyl chloride
c. nitrile
d. amide

A

nitrile

52
Q

Reaction of alcohol and a
carboxylic acid is known as

A

esterification

53
Q

Addition of an alcohol to
acyl halides produces

A

ester

54
Q

An unknown ester was
hydrolyzed with water and
acid to produce an acid, X
and alcohol, Y. Oxidation of
the alcohol with hot
KMnO4 yielded acid X. Oxidation
of the alcohol produced
acetaldehyde. Name the ester.

A

ethyl ethanoate

55
Q

When an ethyl acetate is
reduced by LiAlH4 the product is

A

ethanol

56
Q

Cyclic esters are known as

A

lactones

57
Q

The scent of a banana is
due to the ester

A

b. i-pentyl acetate

58
Q

No carbonyl group is found
in

A

epoxide

59
Q

OH groups bonded to
vinylic, sp2-hybridized carbons
are called

A

enol

60
Q

Butanoic acid also known as

A

rancid butter

61
Q

Carboxylic acids are
reduced by lithium aluminum
hydride to the corresponding

A

primary alcohols

62
Q

It is a solvent that is a
cyclic ether

A

tetrahydrofuran

63
Q

Reaction of alcohols with
Ag2O directly with alkyl halide
forms ether in

A

one step

May 2023 ChELE (11 decks)

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