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POP Health > Day 2 Session 1 > Flashcards

Day 2 Session 1 Flashcards

Strategies to improve public health

1
Q

What are two types of interventions that can save lives?

A
  • social

- medical (prevention)

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2
Q

What are the three domains of public health?

A
  • health protection
  • health improvement
  • health & social care quality
  • > with overlap
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3
Q

What is an example of health protection?

A
  • clean, air, water, food
  • communicable disease
  • disaster preparedness
  • injury control
  • environmental health hazards
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4
Q

What is an example of health improvement?

A
  • reducing inequalities
  • harm minimization
  • education
  • research, audit & evaluation
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5
Q

What is an example of health & social care quality?

A
  • health system policy & planning
  • legislation & regulation
  • efficiency
  • evidence-based healthcare
  • quality & standards
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6
Q

What is health?

A

Is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease of infirmity

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7
Q

What is disease, illness & sickness?

A
  • Disease: is a physiological/psychological dysfunction
  • Illness - is a subjective state of the person who feels aware of not being well
  • Sickness - is a state of social dysfunction
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8
Q

What are 7 domain of health?

A
  • longevity
  • activity
  • comfort (subjective)
  • satisfaction
  • disease
  • achievement
  • resilience
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9
Q

What are the four main points of the natural history of disease?

A
  • Induction
  • Latency (delay)
  • Pre-clinical (diagnostic)
  • Clinical
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10
Q

What is primary prevention?

A
  • stops induction eg lifestyle & spread

- most preventions

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11
Q

What is secondary prevention?

A
  • disease has started & aim to prevent further spread eg screening & surgery
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12
Q

What is tertiary prevention?

A
  • event has occurred but can prevent it getting worse
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13
Q

What are the two main approaches to prevention?

A
  • Target high risk

- Move whole population

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14
Q

What causes disease?

A

Each child develops and tests an inventory of causal explanations that brings meaning to the events that are perceived and ultimately leads to increasing power to control those events.
- uses trail & error

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15
Q

What is the definition of cause of a disease?

A
  • antecedent event, condition or characteristics that was necessary for the occurrence of the disease at the moment it occurred, given that other conditions are fixed
  • > component causes
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16
Q

What is a sufficient cause?

A
  • a set of minimal conditions and events that will produce a disease (a complete set of component causes)
  • often all these factors are not known -> when this is the case be assign the average risk of getting the disease to everyone (although this may be very different)
  • may not always be the same components needed
  • when there is a consistent component it is referred to as the necessary component
17
Q

What is interaction among causes?

A
  • Biological interaction is the participation of two component cases in the same sufficient cause
  • does not have to be simultaneous

eg head injury leading to a balance issues leading to a fall 5 years later

18
Q

What are some examples of health protection?

A

Clean air, water, food
Communicable disease surveillance & control
Fire, radiation, chemical, poison protection
Disaster preparedness
Environmental health hazards
Injury control
Prevent war, nuclear weapons, social disorders

19
Q

What are some strategies to control communicable disease?

A
  • surveillance (allows early response)
  • response to outbreaks
  • vaccines
  • emergency planning
20
Q

What is the difference between an epidemic and a pandemic?

A

Epidemic is wide spread, while a pandemic is global

21
Q

What is the purpose of screening?

A

To identify people at increased risk of a condition so that prevention intervention can be offered early enough in the natural history of the condition to prevent it’s progression

22
Q

What are some limitations to screening?

A
  • Have to have the effective intervention established
  • Needs to have sufficient accuracy (& produce few false positives & negatives)
  • Just because you have a test doesn’t mean that it will be effective
23
Q

What needs to be considered when evaluating screening?

A

Take into account: benefits, harms & cost-effectiveness

24
Q

What are some examples of screening used today?

A
  • prenatal
  • mammography
  • cervical cancer
  • correctional cancer
  • prostate cancer
  • Chlamydia
25
Q

What are the main features of chronic Illness Care?

A
  • Secondary prevention is an important part of the population health framework, focused particularly on primary healthcare
  • Community-­‐based care models involving GPs, allied
    health professionals, pharmacists, podiatrists, and many
    others
  • Increasingly, hospitals are recognising their role in prevention simply because they cannot cope with the
    inexorable and constant increases in patient numbers.
    -Nation health scheme remuneration that recognises the preventative care role is increasingly being used to focus efforts in this direction
26
Q

What is Health Improvement?

A
  • Improving & promoting health
  • Reducing Inequalities
  • Harm minimisation
    Tackling broader determinants (eg employment)
  • Family/community health
  • Education
  • Lifestyle/health education
27
Q

What is harm reduction?

A

Strategies for reducing the physical and social harms associated with inherently risky behaviours
- without abolishing the behaviour
eg Alcohol

28
Q

What are the features of health promotion?

A
  • A system for intelligence gathering
  • Clear policy, legislation & regulation
  • Communication of information
  • Provision of primary services
  • Sharing responsibility across sectors
  • Mobilization of communities
29
Q

What are the four steps in communication strategy? And the order?

A

Beliefs> Attitudes > intentions > behaviour

30
Q

What do the five Es of injury control stand for?

A
  • Education
  • Engineering (eg seatbelts)
  • Enforcement (eg random breath tests)
  • Eradication (eg poisons)
  • Exposure reduction (eg smaller pill bottles)
31
Q

What is important to focus on when setting approaches?

A

Use of standards, laws and regulation, work practices, professional development as a means to promote health and well-being

32
Q

Are health inequalities strongly associated with socio-economic inequalities?

A

Yes

33
Q

What is the Best Start program in Victoria?

A

Provides better access to child and family support, health services and early education

34
Q

What are health and social care qualities?

A
  • health systems policy & planning
  • legislation and regulation
  • quality and standards
  • evidence-based health care
  • clinical governance
  • efficiency
  • research, audit & evaluation

POP Health (12 decks)

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