Deck 10 Flashcards
What is the difference between swayback and enzootic ataxia?
Both are copper deficiency related, but swayback occurs due to in utero deficiency and enzootic ataxia occurs due to copper deficiency following birth.
Recall, swayback causes severe periventricular white matter disease, while enzootic ataxia causes chromatolysis of various grey matter nuclei and the ventral grey horns (pictured).
In addition to Alzheimer type II astrocytes, what is the other main histopathologic finding with hepatic encephalopathy?
Spongy status, typically of white matter
What type of astrocytoma is this?
Gemistocytic
What type of tumor is this? How can you tell?
Ependymoma — formation of pseudorosettes around a central vascular core
What is the term used to describe the histopathologic appearance of medulloblastomas?
“Small blue tumors”
Name these types of meningioma
A — transitional
B — meningothelial
C — psammomatous
D — fibrous
E — microcystic
F — chordoid
G — transitional w/ inflammatory infiltrate
H — feline, most similar to fibrous
Describe the histologic features of a granular cell tumor.
Large polygonal cells with lots of granular, eosinophilic cytoplasm that stains positive with PAS
What is this a picture of?
Wallerian degeneration
What is the stereotypical dog breed to develop a motor neuron disease/ spinal muscular atrophy?
Brittany spaniel
What is the name for spheroids occurring within the axons of Purkinje cell neurons? Where are they found and what disease process are they common in?
Torpedos
Granule cell layer / cerebellar white matter
Cerebellar cortical atrophy
What cell layers are abnormal in this photo of the cerebellum?
All layer are abnormal — there are no Purkinje neurons, the granular cell layer is shrunken / less cells, and there is atrophy of the molecular layer.
What breed of dog develops “neonatal cerebellar ataxia”? What are the histopathological findings?
Coton de Túlear dogs
No gross or histopathologic findings — it is due a functional issue with the glutamate receptors on Purkinje cells.
What cell layer of the cerebellum is abnormal in this photo?
Granule cell layer — due to degeneration of these cells as an inherited defect.
What locations are classically affected by hypoglycemia?
Cerebral cortex / hippocampus / caudate nuclei
What portions of the spinal cord are most affected by DM?
Dorsolateral and ventromedial
What were the findings of this paper?
Abscesses more often have a peripheral T2W hypointense halo, homogenous T1/T2 signal intensity, and an evenly enhancing capsule, whereas gliomas have progressive central enhancement on delayed T1 post contrast
What is the prototypic dog breed to get neuroaxonal dystrophy?
What is the main pathological feature of NADs? Where are they most commonly found?
Rottweiler
Formation of spheroids. Typically found in grey matter of spinal cord / brainstem nuclei because the dysfunction starts right at the nerve terminal (ie where they are synapsing with other neurons).
In all domestic species, what nucleus commonly has increased number of spheroids and degenerating neurons correlating with age?
Lateral cuneate nucleus
What are the five broad categories of lysosomal storage diseases?
- glycoproteinoses
- sphingolipidoses
- mucopolysaccharidoses
- glycogenoses
- proteinoses
Which lysosomal storage disease leads to accumulation of auto- fluorescent lipofuscin material in neurons?
What family of LSDs does this one belong to?
NCL
Proteinoses
What is the type of inclusion in Lafora’s disease? What do they look like?
Polyglucosan inclusions.
Solid dark center with outer light halo
What type of disease is this? How do you know?
This is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy — neuronal vacuolations are present.
In what structures is the Nissl substance normally marginated?
Olivary nuclei, pontine nuclei, +/- facial nuclei
