Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Family med > deck 12 > Flashcards

deck 12 Flashcards

(49 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

palpitations in young patients with structurally normal heart usually due to…

A

Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) pathophys

A

Due to presence of 2 conduction pathways (slow and fast) in the AV node.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how do vagal maneuvers change heart? (carotid sinus massage, cold-water immersion or diving reflex)

A

Increase parasympathetic tone through slowing of conduction in the AV node

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

how do nitrates have anti-ischemic effects?

A
  • systemic dilation of veins lowers preload and LVEDP and reduces myocardial oxygen demand by reducing wall stress.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Mitral valve prolapse presentation

A
  • atypical chest pain + dyspnea + palpitations + dizziness + anxiety + panic disorder
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

mitral valve prolapse murmur

A
  • short systolic murmur at apex
  • disappears with squatting
  • clicks
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Right sided heart failure in patient with pacemaker think…

A
  • tricuspid regurg

-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

tricuspid regurg murmur

A

holosystolic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

aortic regurg murmur

A

diastolic decrescendo murmur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

meds that confer a survival benefit in HCF

A

ACEIs, ARBs, beta-blockers, spironolactone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

pathophys of pericardial effusion

A

Fluid accumulation in the pericardial cavity increases intrapericardial pressure above diastolic ventricular pressure. This restricts venous return to the heart and lowers right and left ventricular filling. Net result –> DECREASED PRELOAD/SV/CO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

first-line for chronic stable angina

A

beta-blockers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

alternatives to bbs for chronic stable angina

A

CCBs + long-acting nitrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

concerning murmur type

A

diastolic and continuous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

CYP450 inducers

A 
carbamazepine, phenytoin
ginseng, st. john's wort
OCPs
phenobarbital
rifampin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

CYP450 inhibitors

A 
acetaminophen, NSAIDs
antibiotics/antifungals (eg metronidazole)
amiodarone
cimetidine
cranberry juice, ginkgo, vitamin E
omeprazole
thyroid hormone
SSRIs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

management of persistent tachyarrhythmia causing hemodynamic instability

A

immediate synchronized direct current cardioversion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

digoxin toxicity

A

N/V + diarrhea + vision changes + arrhythmias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

exam findings suggestive of severe aortic stenosis

A

1) delayed (slow-rising) and diminished (weak) carotid pulse (“pulsus parvus and tardus”)
2) presence of single and soft second heart sound
3) mid to late peaking systolic murmur with maximal intensity at 2nd right intercostal space radiating to the carotids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

nonallergic rhinitis presentation

Study These Flashcards
A

1 of nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, sneezing, and postnasal drainage without a specific etiology

21
Q

nonallergic rhinitis treatment

Study These Flashcards
A
  • intranasal antihistamine, intranasal glucocorticoid, or combination therapy
22
Q

solids vs liquids for dysphagia

Study These Flashcards
A
  • solids only suggests mechanical obstruction (liquids can still pass)
  • solids and liquids suggest neuromuscular
23
Q

granulomatosis w/ polyangiitis

Study These Flashcards
A

recurrent sinusitis and otitis + auditory canal ulceration + fatigue + anemia + microscopic hematuria

24
Q

Urine profile of hypovolemic patient

Study These Flashcards
A

Hypovolemia –> decreased renal perfusion –> RAAS activation –> aldosterone stimulates aggressive sodium reabsorption –> decreased urine sodium –> FENA less than 1%

25
high risk lung nodules
old age greater than 2 cm smoking history
26
management of high risk lung nodules
surgical excision
27
impt MSK side effect of beta-2 agonists
- reduce serum K levels by driving potassium into cells --> hypokalemia with muscle weakness, arrhythmias, EKG changes
28
Secondary spontaneous pneumothorax (SSP)
- occurs in patients with known lung disease (COPD, CF) - acute-onset SOB + hypoxia + unilaterally decreased breath sounds + CP - smoking RF
29
laterality of pulmonary edema
ARDS and acute MI leading to pulmonary edema is usually symmetric.
30
pulmonary causes of hemoptysis
bronchitis lung cancer bronchiectasis
31
cardiac causes of hemoptysis
mitral stenosis/acute pulmonary edema
32
think bronchiectasis with//
recurrent respiratory tract infections + chronic cough
33
cough duration suggestive of acute bronchitis
greater than 5 days
34
sequela of PE
10% of patients with PE have occlusion of a peripheral pulmonary artery by thrombus, causing pulmonary infarction
35
common complication of mitral stenosis
atrial fibrillation
36
elevation of left main bronchus on CXR suggests
severe LA enlargement --> elevation of left main bronchus
37
Mitral stenosis symptoms
- gradual + worsening DOE + orthopnea + hemoptysis (due to pulmonary edema)
38
chronic pulmonary aspergillosis
- common in TB patients, immunocompromised, underlying lung disease - greater than 3 months of weight loss, cough, hemoptysis, and fatigue
39
chronic pulmonary aspergillosis diagnosis
IgG serology
40
common feature of ACEI cough
tickling or scratching sensation in the throat
41
mainstay of symptom management in COPD
inhaled anti-muscarinic agents (eg ipratropium)
42
issue with beta blockers in COPD
Can exacerbate pulmonary symptoms in its with severe reactive airway disease. Safe in most patients with mild to moderate COPD and asthma
43
tactile fremitus changes
- Increased with consolidation (lobar pneumonia) | - Decreased with pleural effusions, pneumos, emphysema, atelectasis
44
problem with supplemental oxygen in patients with advanced COPD
Can worsen hypercapnia due to a combination of increased dead space perfusion causing VQ mismatch + decreased affinity of oxyhemoglobin for CO2 + reduced alveolar ventilation. Can lead to seizures.
45
goal oxyhemoglobin saturation in its with advanced COPD
90%-93%
46
treatment goals for DM2
1) AIC less than 7% - long-standing DM w/ high RF's for cardiovascular disease --> less aggressive 2) Newly diagnosed DM less than 6.5% is reasonable
47
when do people start feeling hyperglycemic?
9%
48
hyperglycemia symptoms
``` Polyphagia - frequent hunger, especially pronounced hunger Polydipsia - frequent thirst, especially excessive thirst Polyuria - increased volume of urination (not an increased frequency for urination) Blurred vision Fatigue Weight loss Poor wound healing (cuts, scrapes, etc.) Dry mouth Dry or itchy skin Tingling in feet or heels Erectile dysfunction Recurrent infections, external ear infections (swimmer's ear) Cardiac arrhythmia Stupor Coma Seizures ```
49
problem with sulfonylureas
- eventually lose efficacy

Family med (48 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions