Deck 2

Question 1

when do you develop IgA nephropathy after infection

Answer 1

can be within days, doesnt have to be long time

Question 2

HIV associated neurocognifitve dysfunction vs. PML imaging

Answer 2

neurocognitive dysfunction has diffuse white matter changes and PML is multifocal white matter changes

Question 3

what is acute chest syndrome

Answer 3

this is vasoocclusion of pulmonary vasculature due to fat embolus (adults) or infection (kids) for people with sickle cell anemia

Question 4

treatment of acute chest syndrome

Answer 4

ceftriaxone and azithromycin (because you cannot exclude pneumonia) , pain control, IV fluids

Question 5

is tetanus a clinical dx or do you need toxin assay

Answer 5

clinical dx, toxin assay not widely available

Question 6

when should you do phlebotomy for a person with hereditary hemachromatosis

Answer 6

> 1000 ferritin

Question 7

clinical findings in behcets disease

Answer 7

recurrent painful oral ulcers, erythema nodosum, uveitis, genital ulcers, thrombosis

Question 8

what are the common drugs that cause neutropenia

Answer 8

methimazole, PTU, clozapine, sulfasalazine, TMP-SMX

Question 9

when do you do valve replacement for AS

Answer 9

Severe AS and <50% EF OR symptomatic

Question 10

what should you do to avoid hypercapnea in a COPD exacerbation

Answer 10

titrate O2 to 88-92%

Question 11

histo chest xray

Answer 11

reticulonodular opacities or interstitial infiltrates

Question 12

what can cause serum sickness

Answer 12

snake antivenom, antitoxin or mAbs

Question 13

clinical signs of serum sickness

Answer 13

urticaria, fever, painful arthralgia

Question 14

what type of hypersensitivity is serum sickness

Answer 14

this is type III so it is immune complex deposition

Question 15

what drug do you use for chemo vomiting

Answer 15

odansetron (serotonin antagonist)

Question 16

which lung cancer gives the side effect of hypercalcemia

Answer 16

squamous cell paraneoplastic syndrome of Parathyroid hormone related hormone

Question 17

why do patients with alcohol use disorder have refractory hypokalemia

Answer 17

due to hypomagnesia because magnesium

Question 18

what helminth causes hydatid cysts

Answer 18

echinococcus

Question 19

where do you get echinococcus

Answer 19

dogs

Question 20

what is familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia

Answer 20

this is when you have a mutation in the calcium sensing receptor in theparathyroid so the parathyroid doesnt sense elevated calcium and the kidney continues to reabsorb more

Question 21

which is methylmalonic acid also low in folate or B12 deficiency

Answer 21

B12 has both low methylmalonic acid and homocysteine

Question 22

does AML make you hypercoaguable or cause DIC

Answer 22

causes DIC

Question 23

what does addisons do to eosinophil count

Answer 23

it causes eosinophilia

Question 24

what is waldenstrom macroglobulinemia

Answer 24

this is when you have a b cell malignancy that causes excess IgM production

Question 25

clinical signs of waldenstrom

Answer 25

hyperviscosity, neuropathy, hepatosplenomegaly, bleeding, lymphadenopathy

Question 26

what is the rash like in secondary syph

Answer 26

macupapular

Question 27

what CT do you do for trauma

Answer 27

CT w/out contrast to see bleeds

Question 28

signs of bubo

Answer 28

painful lymphadenopathy with overlying erythema

Question 29

when do you get the bubo for chancroid and lymphogranuloma venirium

Answer 29

weeks after the painful ulcer

Question 30

is actinomyces acid fast

Answer 30

no it is not

Question 31

which organisms are acid fast

Answer 31

nocardia and mycobacterium

Question 32

what are the side effects of antithyroid drugs

Answer 32

neutropenia, PTU- fulminant hepatic necrosis, Methimazole- teratogenic

Question 33

what staphs are in the viridans group

Answer 33

sanguinis, mitis, mutans, milleri

Question 34

what antibodies are present in systemic sclerosis

Answer 34

anti topoisomerase, anti centormere

Question 35

in the hospital what do you want sugars to be

Answer 35

140-180

Question 36

what type of lesions are sclerotic (blastic) vs. osteolytic in the spine

Answer 36

sclerotic: prostate CA and SCLC // osteolytic: multiple myeloma, thyroid, melanoma, NSCLC // mixed: breast and GI CA

Question 37

when do you treat for uremic pericarditis

Answer 37

>60BUN

Question 38

signs of neutorpenia

Answer 38

oral ulcerations, fever, sore throat

Question 39

what cell lines are elevated in polycythemia vera

Answer 39

all of them but especially the RBCs

Question 40

what is infectious keratitis

Answer 40

this is inflammation and infection of the cornea

Question 41

signs of HSV keratitis

Answer 41

branched dendritic ulcerations

Question 42

which multiple endocrine neoplasias have medullary thyroid

Answer 42

2a and 2b

Question 43

what causes elevated eosinophils

Answer 43

parasitic infection, neoplasms, allergy, aspergillus, low cortisol

Question 44

treatment of ethylene glycol poisoning

Answer 44

fomepizole or ethanol if fomepizole is not available

Question 45

treatment of organophosphate poisoning

Answer 45

atropine and pralodoxime

Question 46

what causes the HTN in hyperthyroidism

Answer 46

elevated myocyte contractility

Question 47

what should a patient be put on for aspiration pneumonia

Answer 47

amox // doxy // macrolide

Question 48

what does the icepack test dx

Answer 48

myasthenia gravis

Question 49

sign of massive PE

Answer 49

syncope, hemodynamic collapse, elevated JVP, hypotension due to decreased cardiac output, diaphoresis

Question 50

what type of cardiomyopathy does alcohol cause

Answer 50

dilated cardiomyopathy

Question 51

what is primary biliary cholangitis

Answer 51

autoimmune destruction of the intrahepatic ducts

Question 52

what Ab is associated with primary biliary cholangitis

Answer 52

antimitocondrial

Question 53

what are the complications of primary biliary cholangitis

Answer 53

fat soluble vitamin malabsorption, ostoemalacia, hepatocellular carcinoma

Question 54

what does it mean if haptoglobin is low

Answer 54

this means that there is hemolysis because hemoglobin binds to the haptoglobin and causes it to precipitate

Question 55

what is intravascular vs. extravascular hemolysis

Answer 55

intravascular is when there is damage to the RBC in vessels and extravascular is in the spleen or lymph nodes

Question 56

what should the FiO2 be in an intubated patient

Answer 56

it should be <60%

Question 57

what is FiO2

Answer 57

this is the percent of inhaled air that is oxygen, normal room air is 21%

Question 58

what is sporothrix

Answer 58

dimorphic fungi,

Question 59

signs of sporothrix infection

Answer 59

painless pruritic nodules that ulcerate and drain a nonpurulent exudate

Question 60

what is rhizopus

Answer 60

this is what causes mucor mycosis

Question 61

how should you treat patients with WPW and afib

Answer 61

they need rhythm control not rate bc blocking their AV node can worsen their WPW so you do procainamide or ibutilide

Question 62

when do you start getting LVH due to aortic stenosis

Answer 62

when valve is less than 1cm2

Question 63

what can happen with longterm uncontrolled afib

Answer 63

tachycardia induced cardiomyopathy which is due to LV dilation and cardiomyocyte damage

Question 64

what type of diarrhea do you get with SIBO

Answer 64

greasy

Question 65

treatment of frostbite

Answer 65

rapid rewarming in water, pain relief, wound care

Question 66

what does the eye look like for anterior uveitis

Answer 66

conjectival injection, hazy flare in aqueous humor

Question 67

what is anterior uveitis associated with

Answer 67

IBD, akylosing spondyloarthritis, etc

Question 68

associated symptoms with glaucoma

Answer 68

nausea, vomiting, headache, photophobia

Question 69

how soon do you need to start HIV PEP

Answer 69

as soon as possible like within 4 hours

Question 70

does a release of information have to be written

Answer 70

no it can be verbal or written

Question 71

risk factors for crypto

Answer 71

contaminated water, immunocompromised

Question 72

signs of crypto

Answer 72

Prolonged, severe diarrhea with weight loss/malabsorption

Question 73

popliteal cyst and OA

Answer 73

they can develop together, if a patient has a fluctuant swelling behind the knee this is what that is

Question 74

signs of chronic arsenic poisoning

Answer 74

Chronic: hypo-/hyperpigmentation, hyperkeratosis, stocking-glove neuropathy

Question 75

common sources of arsenic

Answer 75

Pesticides/insecticides, Contaminated water (often from wells), Pressure-treated wood

Question 76

signs of microscopic colitis on biopsy

Answer 76

mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate within the lamina propria, thickened collagen band