Deck 2

Question 1

sebaceous glands release ___

Answer 1

an oily substance called sebum through hair follicles

Question 2

sebum ___ the skin

Answer 2

lubricates the skin and prevents drying

Question 3

sebaceous glands are susceptible to ___

Answer 3

becoming clogged and attracting bacteria, resulting in acne

Question 4

appendages of skin include ___

Answer 4

hair and nails

Question 5

hair, nails, and skin can be ___

Answer 5

used in the diagnosis of clinical conditions; may show changes in disease

Question 6

blue-tinged nails can indicate ___

Answer 6

lack of adequate blood oxygenation

Question 7

brittle hair may indicate ___

Answer 7

malnutrition

Question 8

the body framework consists of ___

Answer 8

bone, cartilage, ligaments, joints

Question 9

functions of skeletal system

Answer 9

support, movement, hematopoiesis, protection of internal organs, provision of muscle attachment sites, mineral storage

Question 10

the two types of bone tissue

Answer 10

compact (dense) and spongy (cancellous)

Question 11

this bone tissue forms the outer layer of all bone

Answer 11

dense bone tissue

Question 12

trabeculae

Answer 12

a criss-cross pattern of bone within cancellous bone

Question 13

___ fills the spaces between trabeculae

Answer 13

red bone marrow

Question 14

osteoblasts

Answer 14

cells that build bone tissue

Question 15

osteocytes

Answer 15

osteoblasts that stop dividing but continue to maintain bone tissue

Question 16

osteoclasts

Answer 16

cells that break bone down

Question 17

remodeling is the ___

Answer 17

continuous process of breaking down bone and being replaced with stronger bone

Question 18

classifications of bone by size and shape

Answer 18

long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid bones

Question 19

parts of a long bone

Answer 19

epiphysis (spongy bone), diaphysis (compact bone mostly), medullary cavity

Question 20

axial skeleton consists of ___

Answer 20

skull, vertebral column, 12 pairs of ribs, sternum

Question 21

vertebral column is divided into ___

Answer 21

five subsections: cervical vertebrae, thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx

Question 22

coccyx is also known as ___

Answer 22

tailbone

Question 23

medullary cavity is filled with ___

Answer 23

yellow bone marrow or fat

Question 24

the appendicular skeleton includes ___

Answer 24

shoulder girdle, hip girdle, extremities

Question 25

each muscle fiber contains ___

Answer 25

myofibrils divided into sections called sarcomeres

Question 26

sarcomeres contain ___

Answer 26

actin and myosin (myofilaments and proteins)

Question 27

in the sliding filament model, ___

Answer 27

myosin, a thick protein, binds to actin and pulls it toward the center of the sarcomere

Question 28

___ is the muscle that performs a given movement

Answer 28

agonist or prime mover

Question 29

___ is the muscle that produces the opposite movement

Answer 29

antagonist

Question 30

___ is the muscle that works in cooperation with the prime mover

Answer 30

synergist

Question 31

flexor muscles

Answer 31

reduce the angle at a joint

Question 32

extensor muscles

Answer 32

increase the angle at a joint

Question 33

abductor muscles

Answer 33

draw a limb away from the midline

Question 34

adductor muscles

Answer 34

return the limb back toward the midline of the body

Question 35

central nervous system comprises ___

Answer 35

spinal cord and brain

Question 36

peripheral nervous system comprises _ nerves

Answer 36

cranial nerves and peripheral nerves

Question 37

peripheral nervous system is divided into ___

Answer 37

somatic and autonomic nervous systems

Question 38

autonomic nervous system is divided into ___

Answer 38

sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems

Question 39

the nervous system enables ___

Answer 39

perception of many changes in the external and internal environments, and response to those changes

Question 40

the nervous system is responsible for ___

Answer 40

thinking, reasoning, remembering, and carrying out other abstract activities

Question 41

the nervous system initiates ___

Answer 41

body movements by supplying skeletal muscles with nerve impulses that cause contraction

Question 42

the nervous system works with the ___

Answer 42

endocrine glands, correlating and integrating body functions

Question 43

the transmission of nerve impulses occurs through ___

Answer 43

neurons

Question 44

main parts of a neuron

Answer 44

dendrites, cell body, axon

Question 45

effector organs include ___

Answer 45

muscles, glands, digestive organs

Question 46

four major parts of the brain

Answer 46

cerebrum, cerebellum, diencephalon (thalamus and hypothalamus), brainstem

Question 47

cerebrum is associated with ___

Answer 47

sensory interpretation, movement, thinking, personality

Question 48

cerebellum is responsible for ___

Answer 48

muscular coordination

Question 49

thalamus routes ___

Answer 49

sensory information to the appropriate part of the cerebrum

Question 50

hypothalamus monitors ___

Answer 50

many conditions of the body, controls the autonomic nervous system, and interacts with the endocrine system

Question 51

brainstem controls ___

Answer 51

respiration, heart rate, etc.

Question 52

there are ___ pairs of spinal nerves

Answer 52

31

Question 53

a reflex is __

Answer 53

a quick, automatic response to a stimulus

Question 54

simple spinal reflexes

Answer 54

reflexes that travel through the spinal cord only