Deck 3

Question 1

the endocrine system and the nervous system meet at the ___

Answer 1

hypothalamus and pituitary gland

Question 2

the hypothalamus governs the ___

Answer 2

pituitary gland

Question 3

the glands are grouped together because ___

Answer 3

the main function of each gland is the production of hormones

Question 4

___ also produce hormones

Answer 4

organs such as kidneys

Question 5

hormones control ___

Answer 5

the growth, differentiation, and metabolism of specific target cells

Question 6

two major groups of hormones

Answer 6

steroid and nonsteroid hormones

Question 7

steroid hormones

Answer 7

enter target cells and have a direct effect on the DNA

Question 8

nonsteroid hormones

Answer 8

stay at cell surface and act through a second messenger

Question 9

most hormones alter ___

Answer 9

the rate of protein synthesis

Question 10

the infundibulum is ___

Answer 10

a stalk that attaches the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus

Question 11

adenohypophysis

Answer 11

anterior pituitary gland

Question 12

neurohypophysis

Answer 12

posterior pituitary gland

Question 13

tropic hormones

Answer 13

hormones of the adenohypophysis

Question 14

tropic hormones act on ___

Answer 14

other endocrine glands

Question 15

somatotropin

Answer 15

hormone that stimulates growth in all organs

Question 16

adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulates ___

Answer 16

secretion of adrenal cortex hormones

Question 17

follicle-stimulating hormone stimulates ___

Answer 17

secretion of ovarian follicles and estrogen in females; production of sperm in males

Question 18

luteinizing hormone triggers ___

Answer 18

ovulation in females; secretion of testosterone in males

Question 19

oxytocin stimulates ___

Answer 19

uterine contractions during labor; milk ejection from mammary glands; hormone of bonding

Question 20

antidiuretic hormone stimulates ___

Answer 20

retention of water by kidneys

Question 21

thyroid gland secretes ___

Answer 21

thyroid hormones that regulate metabolism, and calcitonin

Question 22

calcitonin ___ blood calcium levels

Answer 22

decreases

Question 23

parathyroid hormone ___

Answer 23

increases blood calcium levels

Question 24

adrenal cortex secretes ___

Answer 24

cortisol and aldosterone

Question 25

adrenal medulla secretes ___

Answer 25

adrenaline

Question 26

pancreas secretes ___

Answer 26

insulin and glucagon

Question 27

insulin ___ blood glucose levels

Answer 27

decreases

Question 28

glucagon ___ blood glucose levels

Answer 28

increases

Question 29

the gonads are ___

Answer 29

testes and ovaries

Question 30

ovaries secrete ___

Answer 30

estrogen and progesterone

Question 31

progesterone maintains ___

Answer 31

pregnancy; prevents premature uterine contractions; development of endometrium

Question 32

testes secrete ___

Answer 32

testosterone

Question 33

blood transports ___

Answer 33

oxygen, nutrients, enzymes, and hormones to cells and carries away carbon dioxide and wastes

Question 34

blood is comprised of ___

Answer 34

55% plasma and 45% formed elements (cells and cell fragments)

Question 35

thrombocytes (platelets) are ___

Answer 35

cell fragments

Question 36

all formed elements are produced from ___

Answer 36

stem cells in red bone marrow

Question 37

hemoglobin is found in ___

Answer 37

erythrocytes

Question 38

hemoglobin transports ___

Answer 38

oxygen

Question 39

leukocytes are distinguished based on ___

Answer 39

size, appearance of nucleus, staining properties, presence of granules

Question 40

granular leukocytes are involved in ___

Answer 40

phagocytosis, defense against parasites, and inflammation

Question 41

agranular leukocytes are involved in ___

Answer 41

antibody production, immune responses, phagocytosis

Question 42

the right atrium receives ___

Answer 42

deoxygenated blood

Question 43

the left atrium receives ___

Answer 43

oxygenated blood

Question 44

heart valves regulate ___

Answer 44

blood flow

Question 45

tricuspid valve is between ___

Answer 45

right atrium and right ventricle

Question 46

bicuspid or mitral valve is between ___

Answer 46

left atrium and left ventricle

Question 47

blood drains from myocardium into ___

Answer 47

right atrium through the coronary sinus

Question 48

the ___ initiates the heart's intrinsic beat

Answer 48

SA node (sinoatrial node)

Question 49

the cardiac cycle

Answer 49

the period from the end of one ventricular contraction to the end of the next one

Question 50

contraction phase is called ___

Answer 50

systole

Question 51

relaxation phase is called ___

Answer 51

diastole

Question 52

capillaries are sites of exchange of ___

Answer 52

water, nutrients, wastes between blood and surrounding tissues

Question 53

capillaries are the ___

Answer 53

smallest vessels

Question 54

arterioles are the ___

Answer 54

smallest arteries

Question 55

venules are the ___

Answer 55

smallest veins

Question 56

deflections of the ECG represent ___

Answer 56

electrical activity that precedes contraction or relaxation events of the mycardium

Question 57

walls of arteries are ___

Answer 57

thick and elastic; carry blood under high pressure

Question 58

vasoconstriction and vasodilation result from ___

Answer 58

contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle within arterial walls