Deck 2

Question 1

List types of wound contamination.

Answer 1

Foreign objects.
Bacterial infection.

Question 2

What is the name of the removal of microbes from the skin and mucus members?

Answer 2

Antisepsis (removal).

Question 3

4 methods of physical sterilization.

Answer 3

1. Autoclave/steam.
2. Boiling.
3. Radiation.
4. Dry heat.

Question 4

What is BMBT?

Answer 4

Buccal Mucosal Bleeding Time.
A primary haemostasis test.
Make small cut in buccal mucosa.
Platelet plug formation should be enough to stop bleeding within short time (4 minutes in dogs).
A prolonged BMBT may reflect thrombocytopenia, decreased platelet function or vascular wall abnormality.

Question 5

3 types of crystalloid solution.

Answer 5

Hypotonic (0,45% NaCl or 2,5% NaCl).
Isotonic (0,9% NaCl).
Hypertonic (7% NaCl).

Question 6

Killing of pathogenic bacteria on tissue - name.

Answer 6

Biocide and germicide - Agents that KILL.
Asepsis - The absence of pathogenic microbes on living tissue.
Antisepsis - Removal of pathogenic organisms.

Question 7

Concentration/percentage of hypertonic solution.

Answer 7

0,45% or 2,5% Dextran/NaCl.

Question 8

What type of tissue are Mayo scissors used for?

Answer 8

Cutting fascia (thick structures and sutures).

Question 9

Types of needles used for cornea, bone and tendons.

Answer 9

Reverse cutting - For tendon, sheath, bone, cornea and other tough tissues.
Taper - For internal tissues.
Cutting - For skin and other tissues.
Blunt - Liver and othe friable tissues (easily crumble).

Question 10

What are Cushing and Connell sutures used for?

Answer 10

To close hollow organs:
Connell penetrates the tissue completely (enters lumen).
Cushing is never protruding into the other side (extends only to the submucosa).

Question 11

Number of days of wound proliferation phase.

Answer 11

From day 4 to day 12.

Question 12

9 functions of bandages.

Answer 12

1. Wound cleanliness.
2. Control the wound environment.
3. Reduce oedema and haemorrhage.
4. Eliminate dead space.
5. Immobilize injured tissue.
6. Minimize scar tissue.
7. Provide comfort.
8. Absorb secretion.
9. Give anaesthetic appearance.

Question 13

4 contamination levels of surgery.

Answer 13

1. Clean.
2. Clean-contaminated.
3. Contaminated.
4. Dirty.

Question 14

Surgical area is divided into 2 areas: Where and what is included in each?

Answer 14

1. Clean area: Operating theatre, scrub area and sterile stores.
2. Contaminated area: Patient preparation area and changing room.

Question 15

Definition of sterilization.

Answer 15

Process of destruction of all forms of microbial life (bacteria, fungi, virus and protozoa).