Deck 5

Question 1

We define the shock as?

Answer 1

Hemodynamic disorder with manifestations of tissue ischemia.
(Shock: Hemodynamic instability - the body can’t get enough blood flow).
(Ischemia: Is a restriction in blood supply to any tissue, muscle group, or organ of the body, causing a shortage of oxygen that is needed for cellular metabolism).

Question 2

Thoraccocentersis:

Answer 2

Therapeutic and diagnostic method ensuring the removal of free fluid and air from the pleural space.

Question 3

Fracture is:

Answer 3

Partial or complete deterioration of the integrity of hard tissues - bone, cartilage, teeth and horn.

Question 4

In the case of preoperative blood tests, increased hematocrit values may indicate:

Answer 4

Dehydration.

Question 5

The patient preparation room doesn’t need:

Answer 5

Sterile coats and sterile gloves.

Question 6

The basic techniques of putting sterile gloves on are?

Answer 6

Assisted, open and closed.

Question 7

Autoclave is a device used to sterilize instruments and other surgery material operating on the principle of:

Answer 7

Steam formation under a pressure of 200 kPA and a temperature of at least 121°C for 20 minutes.

Question 8

The basic surgical method of wound therapy are:

Answer 8

Incision, excision, drainage, suture.

Question 9

The clinical symptoms of a traumatic patient are:

Answer 9

Hypothermia, CRT greater than 2 seconds, anemic mucosa, tachypnoea.

Question 10

Mark INCORRECT claim:

Answer 10

Esophagostomic probes are indicated in the case of esophageal diseases or trauma.
Correct:
- The esophagostomic site should be daily rebandaged and cleaned to prevent local infection.
- The esophagostomy probe should be flushed with clean water after use and capped.

Question 11

Necrosis is defined as:

Answer 11

Local death of part of the tissues or organs as a result of disruption of blood supply or traumatization.

Question 12

What is the correct sequel of surgical side preparation?

Answer 12

1st. Clipping the hair,
2nd. Wash and decontaminate surgical site with nonmedicated/ medicated soap (e.g. povidone-iodine, chlorhexidine gluconate),
3rd. Applying antiseptic agent (e.g. isopropyl alcohol 70%).

Question 13

Difference between balanced and unbalanced crystalloids:

Answer 13

Crystalloid solutions can be termed balanced if their components are similar to those contained in extracellular fluid and unbalanced if this is not the case.

Question 14

Indications for fluid therapy:

Answer 14

• Animal is unable to compensate for changes in its fluid and electrolyte balance.
• Nature of therapy is specific to each circumstance and should be based on the individual patient’s need.
• Examples of when additional fluid support is required: Trauma, infection, peritonitis, hemorrhage.

Question 15

Crystalloid:

Answer 15

Is a water based solution that easily penetrates cell membranes with varying electrolyte composition. Sodium is a major component for osmosis → over 75% of crystalloid fluids given will leave the intervascular space within 30 minutes after administration.
- Hypotonic: Osmolality less than serum (extracellular).
- Isotonic: Osmolality closest to serum → good for maintenance and shock therapy.
- Hypertonic: Greater osmolality than extracellular fluid