DECK 2- FLUIDS IN THE BODY Flashcards
An 120 lb adult has about ___ of water
50 liters (a liter weighs a kg)
an 8.8 lb baby has about _____ of water
a 2-LITER
Newborns are about ___ water, by 1 year they are ___ while adults are about ___
75%, 65%, 60%
What is dehydration?
loss of fluid from the space INSIDE of the cell - ICF, the intracellular space
What are the SPACES for fluids?
ICF (intracellular), ECF (extracellular). ECF is composed of interstitial and vascular.
What is interstitial and intravascular?
both outside of the cells, interstitial is between them and intravascular is in the veins.
8 31: How would 12 liters of water in the body be divided among: IN CELLS: BETWEEN CELLS:IN VEINS?
8:3:1. 8 intracellular, 3 interstitial, 1 intravascular
Flow rate for adults and easy math? Tko
60ml/hr
pediatric flow rate? tko
4ml/kg/hr under 10. add additional 2ml/kg for next 10 up to 20, add 1ml/kg for each kg over 20.
what is a solute?
the powder, the thing being dissolved- EX: the koolaid powder - the drug - salt (think: I solute you, KoolAid Man)
what is a solvent?
the water, or what the solute is being dissolved in. (think- water solves everything)
making kool-aid what is the solute and sovent?
kool-aid is the solute. Water is the solvent. “I solute you, Kool-Aid MAN!”
0.9% normal saline. What is solute and solvent?
Salt (NaCl) is the solute, water (H2O) is solvent.
If only the water moves out of your kool-aid, what happens to the volume, the concentration and the flavor?
volume decreases, It gets more concentrated. It tastes sweeter.
If you add water to your kool-aid, what happens to the volume, the concentration and the flavor?
volume gets bigger, becomes less concentrated - less sweet. Watered down.
what is OSMOSIS?
ONLY WATER moves across membrane, solute stays.
what is DIFFUSION?
In diffusion, both water (solvent) and koolaid (solute) move around between spaces to even things out. The volumes of don’t change. This would be like completely removing a wall separating two concentrations of koolaid. It evens out.
explain difference between OSMOSIS and DIFFUSION
both balance the concentrations- OSMOSIS- only water moves so volumes change. DIFFUSION- both water and koolaid move, volumes may not change
Give two examples of passive transport
passive means “NO ENERGY” . The two transports that don’t require energy are osmosis and diffusion
When water leaves a space, what happens to the volume and concentration of the space it left?
The volume decreases, and it becomes more concentrated. It gets sweeter with less water.
When water enters a space, what happens to the volume and concentration of the space it enters?
The volume increases and it becomes less concentrated (watered down). It gets less sweet.
what is “osmotic pressure?”
When two spaces have different concentrations, water wants to balance it, it wnts make them equally as sweet. (add sweeter koolaid to bland koolaid, you get something in between). The larger the difference in concentrations between spaces, the more osmotic pressure. If the two spaces are balanced, then there is no reason for water to move (no pressure for it to move).
Can osmosis or diffusion go in reverse?
No. in order to increase the imbalance, you need active transport, which requires energy.
What is active transport?
It generally moves SOLUTES instead of SOLVENTS, and it can move them into more concentrated areas, increaseing the imbalance. It REQUIRES ENERGY unlike passive transport.
