Deck 4 Flashcards
Get That MONEY!!! (200 cards)
1
Q
Pass and Advanced
- What are the five hardware components most stand-alone desktop microcomputer systems contain?
A
The computer or system unit, which normally houses the microcomputer (microprocessor chip[s]) along with other hardware components and secondary storage devices; secondary storage devices (floppy disk drives, hard disk drives, and magnetic tape units), housed either in the system unit or separately; a monitor (standard output device); a keyboard (standard input device); and a printer (an additional output device - for hard copy).
2
Q
Pass and Advanced
- What is the main part or heart of the total microcomputer system?
A
The computer or system unit.
3
Q
Pass and Advanced
- How many available slots for board insertion are there when looking inside the computer system unit?
A
5
4
Q
Pass and Advanced
- What is the board called that is a printed board which transmits the power and electronic signals between the other boards and peripheral devices?
A
The motherboard.
5
Q
Pass and Advanced
- Memory chips, on the new micros, called single in-line memory modules (SIMMS), are located on the mother board in a group of how many slots?
A
4 or 8.
6
Q
Pass and Advanced
- In older micros, where are the memory chips located?
A
On a memory expansion board.
7
Q
Pass and Advanced
- What do most microcomputers have installed on the motherboard that provides power to the real-time clock when the system is turned off?
A
A lithium battery.
8
Q
Pass and Advanced
- What is the life expectancy of the lithium battery?
A
3 to 5 years.
9
Q
Pass and Advanced
- What are the boards you are likely to see in a typical microcomputer?
A
The disk controller board, SCSI adapter board, and video display board.
10
Q
Pass and Advanced
- What board is used to control peripheral equipment, such as a CD-ROM drive?
A
The small computer systems interface (SCSI) adapter board.
11
Q
Pass and Advanced
- What drives are most disk controller boards capable of supporting?
A
Two internal hard disk drives, two internal floppy drives, and one external magnetic tape drive for tape backup.
12
Q
Pass and Advanced
- What must be done before installing any internal components within the system unit?
A
Carefully remove the outer cover.
13
Q
Pass and Advanced
- How are all microcomputer systems driven?
A
By one or more microprocessor chips.
14
Q
Pass and Advanced
- What makes up a microprocessor chip?
A
Thousands of integrated circuits that contain all of the essential elements of a central processing unit, which include the control logic, instruction decoding, and arithmetic-processing circuitry.
15
Q
Pass and Advanced
- What must the microprocessor chip be mounted onto?
A
A carrier package.
16
Q
Pass and Advanced
- Of all the boards in the microcomputer, what is the most important?
A
The system board.
17
Q
Pass and Advanced
- How much information can a microprocessor chip typically handle at once?
A
8, 16, or 32 bits of information.
18
Q
Pass and Advanced
- What has been developed to shift some of the workload from the main microprocessor chip?
A
Specialized processor chips,
19
Q
Pass and Advanced
- What are the companion chips to the Intel family of microprocessors?
A
The 80287 and 80387.
20
Q
Pass and Advanced
- When are computer systems using the 80 series of chips capable of very high-speed mathematical operations?
A
When the math coprocessor chip is plugged either into or alongside the system or motherboard.
21
Q
Pass and Advanced
- In SX version computers, what docs the SX denote?
A
That the computer does not have a math coprocessor.
22
Q
Pass and Advanced
- A DX version computer has a math coprocessor integrated into what chip?
A
The cpu chip.
23
Q
Pass and Advanced
- What is the sole purpose of monitors (display devices)?
A
To allow the microcomputer to communicate its actions to you (the user), so you can act upon those actions to accomplish whatever job you are doing.
24
Q
Pass and Advanced
- What are the other names used quite often for the term monitor?
A
Screen, display, display device, and cathode-ray tube (crt).
25
# Pass and Advanced
625. What are the type of most color displays?
Red-green-blue (RGB).
26
# Pass and Advanced
626. What are the common features you are likely to find on monitors?
Brightness, contrast, and sizing.
27
# Pass and Advanced
627. When is the brightness control used?
To vary the brightness of displayed data.
28
# Pass and Advanced
628. Where will you find some type of power on/off switch on most monitors?
On the front of most monitors, generally below the screen.
29
# Pass and Advanced
629. What is a key characteristic of any display device?
Its resolution, which determines the sharpness and clarity of the screen image.
30
# Pass and Advanced
630. How is resolution measured?
By the number of dots or pixels (short for picture elements) per square inch of screen.
31
# Pass and Advanced
631. What is the distance between the dots called?
Dot pitch.
32
# Pass and Advanced
632. What was the dot pitch of the original IBM PC color monitor?
0.43 mm.
33
# Pass and Advanced
633. What is the dot pitch of the state-of-the-art displays marketed today?
0.28 mm or less.
34
# Pass and Advanced
634. Who normally decides on a specific matrix size to display each character of text?
The display device manufacturer.
35
# Pass and Advanced
635. What often dictates what type of display/graphic board you can plug into your system unit?
The type of monitor or display device you have on your microcomputer.
36
# Pass and Advanced
636. What is probably your primary means for inputting programs and data on microcomputers?
Keyboards.
37
# Pass and Advanced
637. What are the important things you need to know about keyboards?
The types of keys and the function and placement of each.
38
# Pass and Advanced
638. What is the function of the ESCAPE (ESC) key?
It usually stops the execution of a program or function.
39
# Pass and Advanced
639. What key moves the cursor to the next tab stop position?
The TAB key.
40
# Pass and Advanced
640. What key is used in combination with other keys to increase the number' of functions you can specify to a system or program?
The CONTROL key.
41
# Pass and Advanced
641. What key is used to increase the number of functions you can communicate to the system/program?
The ALTERNATE key.
42
# Pass and Advanced
642. What key moves the cursor one position to the left, erasing the character that was previously entered?
The BACK SPACE key.
43
# Pass and Advanced
643. What is the computer told by pressing the ENTER/RETURN key?
That you have entered data or instructions and are ready for processing.
44
# Pass and Advanced
644. What key is pressed to activate the numeric keypad?
The NUM LOCK key.
45
# Pass and Advanced
645. What are the most important keys?
CURSOR CONTROL keys.
46
# Pass and Advanced
646. What key is used to interrupt program execution?
The PAUSE key.
47
# Pass and Advanced
647. How is the PRT SCREEN key activated?
By depressing it in conjunction with the SHIFT key depressed.
48
# Pass and Advanced
648. What is the most important secondary storage medium used with microcomputers?
Magnetic disks, regardless of their type of size. `
49
# Pass and Advanced
649. What are the two forms of magnetic disk typically used with microcomputers?
The floppy disk (diskette) and the hard disk.
50
# Pass and Advanced
650. What are the two sizes of diskettes?
5 1/4 (5.25) inches and 3 ?/2 (3.50) inches.
51
# Pass and Advanced
651. What is the hole in the middle of a diskette referred to as?
The center hub.
52
# Pass and Advanced
652. What is the function of the hub?
It makes it possible for the floppy disk drive?s spindle to rotate the diskette inside the jacket.
53
# Pass and Advanced
653. What are the sectors on a diskette controlled by?
Timing.
54
# Pass and Advanced
654. Located just to the right of the center of a diskette is referred as what?
An index hole.
55
# Pass and Advanced
655. What is the purpose of a formatted program routine, or command?
To sector a soft-sectored diskette.
56
# Pass and Advanced
656. What type of diskette can be written on both sides and can hold 512 bytes of information in each sector?
A double sided double-density diskette.
57
# Pass and Advanced
657. If you were using a 5 1/4-inch diskette what should you do to the write-protect notch if you want to prevent data from being written?
Cover it.
58
# Pass and Advanced
658. If you were using a 3 1/2-inch diskette what should you do to the write-protect notch if you want to prevent data from being written?
Uncover it.
59
# Pass and Advanced
659. What type of disk drive consist of rigid metal platters contained in a small sealed unit either within the system unit or external to it?
A Winchester disk or hard disk drive.
60
# Pass and Advanced
660. What are the advantages of hard disk drives?
Speed, large storage capacity, and convenience.
61
# Pass and Advanced
661. What is the storage capacity of hard disks? .
It ranges from 500 megabytes to 8 gigabytes.
62
# Pass and Advanced
662. What is the speed of the printer used with microcomputers and in what manner are the characters printed?
Low-speed, one-character at a time.
63
# Pass and Advanced
663. What is basically the only major difference between printers designed for micros and those used on larger mainframes?
Size, and the speed at which they print. .
64
# Pass and Advanced
664. What type of non impact printer uses a special photographic paper that allows characters to be etched onto the paper using a stylus and can be used for both printing and plotting?
Electrostatic printers.
65
# Pass and Advanced
665. What is the speed of the nonimpact ink jet printers?
Up to 300 characters per second.
66
# Pass and Advanced
666. How is the printer normally put in an offline status?
Depress the' online button.
67
# Pass and Advanced
667. What is the purpose of the form-feed (FF) button?
It advances the printer paper to the top-of-form (TOF) position (the top of the next page).
68
# Pass and Advanced
668. What does the error indicator light warn you?
There is a problem of some sort that makes the printer inoperable, such as a cover left open, the printer out of paper, an electrical malfunction, a paper jam, or possibly the font cartridge is not in place or is improperly seated.
69
# Pass and Advanced
669. What device is used to freehand sketch or to select items from menus on the display screen?
A mouse device.
70
# Pass and Advanced
670. What device can be used to scan (read) graphic art or text directly into the microcomputer?
An optical scanner.
71
# Pass and Advanced
671. What does the acronym WORM mean that is used by CD-ROM?
Write Once, Read Many.
72
# Pass and Advanced
672. When sharing printers what can be used to connect them?
A switch box.
73
# Pass and Advanced
673. What is the cable called that allows devices to communicate without modems & phone lines?
Null modem cable.
74
# Pass and Advanced
674. What reference material will tell you about the hardware and how to install and configure it?
User/owner manuals.
75
# Pass and Advanced
675. What is one of the most frequently used sections in the operators manual?
The section that covers the parameters, which includes the factory settings, the other settings available, and how to change the settings.
76
# Pass and Advanced
676. What is the first thing that needs to be done once the computer components arrive?
Inspect the components.
77
# Pass and Advanced
677. What is the first thing you must do when setting up the hardware?
Read the installation instructions.
78
# Pass and Advanced
678. How many voltages can most microcomputers operate on?
In the range of 100 to 130 volts or 200 to 230 volts alternating current (ac).
79
# Pass and Advanced
679. What should be made sure of before making any type of electrical connections?
The ON/OFF switch located on the surge protector is in the CFF position and that the plug is removed from the wall outlet.
80
# Pass and Advanced
680. What device has a cable with a twenty-five pin serial connector to connect it to the system unit?
The monitor.
81
# Pass and Advanced
681. What device can operate in either serial or parallel mode?
Printers.
82
# Pass and Advanced
682. How can you tell the difference between serial connectors and parallel connectors?
They are usually smaller and contain fewer pins.
83
# Pass and Advanced
683. What are the things to look for when inspecting computer cables?
Pinched cables, cut/broken cables, connectors/plugs pulled apart, and loose connections.
84
# Pass and Advanced
684. What are the repairs you will be expected to perform most often?
Straightening bent pins, tightening the connections, and replacing broken cables.
85
# Pass and Advanced
685. Why aren?t you expected to re-pin a cable?
Because the equipment to perform this operation is very expensive and it is cheaper and easier to just replace the cable when it is determined that the cable is bad.
86
# Pass and Advanced
686. What are the traits that help ensure the overall effectiveness of the AIS installation?
Efficiency (performing in the best possible and least wasteful manner) and knowledge (knowing and understanding the theory, principles, and facts, coupled with experience).
87
# Pass and Advanced
687. What is the criteria for submitting trouble reports?
System problems involving hardware or software that you cannot correct.
88
# Pass and Advanced
688. To determine whether a job (or system) ran successfully (to a normal EOJ) and that all processing steps where properly performed, what may you have to review?
The computer console printout.
89
# Pass and Advanced
689. When checking reports, what are the things to make sure of?
They were run on the proper forms (size and type), no pages are missing and the correct number of copies were printed, and all print is legible and lined up properly.
90
# Pass and Advanced
690. What should be done if, during the course of checking over the user?s output, you happen to come across something unusual or you find an error?
Pull (reject) the job immediately, bring it to the attention of your superior, and notify the user of the delay.
91
# Pass and Advanced
691. What is the temperature requirement of computer rooms?
70?F to 74?F.
92
# Pass and Advanced
692. Regardless of the temperature requirement, what is often the temperature range of most computer rooms?
65?F to 70?F.
93
# Pass and Advanced
693. What is used to monitor the temperature and humidity of the computer room?
A hypthermagraph.
94
# Pass and Advanced
694. What type of distinctive function keys, provided by the manufacturer, provide easier and faster performance of routine functions?
Special function keys.
95
# Pass and Advanced
695. When are memory and buffer size changes done to software?
When system performance has dropped because of increased use or changes to peripherals.
96
# Pass and Advanced
696. When are hardware addresses changed?
When there is a change to hardware status, such as the addition or loss of a piece of equipment.
97
# Pass and Advanced
697. Will the addition of new application software allow the user access during the implementation?
No.
98
# Pass and Advanced
698. Why is the CPU normally powered up first, then one by one, each of the I/O devices turned on?
To prevent a sudden surge of power that might overload the circuits.
99
# Pass and Advanced
699. When docs the system need to be rebooted or initial program loaded (IPLed)?
Anytime the system loses power, is shut down, or becomes disabled because of a system crash.
100
# Pass and Advanced
700. What does the manner in which the system is booted depend upon?
The computer system used and the software included in its operating system.
101
# Pass and Advanced
701. What is the disk referred to as that many large mainframe computers store their operating systems on?
SYSRES.
102
# Pass and Advanced
702. What are the two types of computer diagnostics?
Internal and external.
103
# Pass and Advanced
703. What computer diagnostic is designed to test the computer hardware? '
Internal.
104
# Pass and Advanced
704. Basically, what are the two types of messages?
System-generated messages and program-generated messages.
105
# Pass and Advanced
705. What messages are those messages that are displayed by the program as the result of the programmer wanting to inform you of an available option or wanting you to supply data?
Program-generated messages. ,
106
# Pass and Advanced
706. What are the most common application utility programs that you will run?
Tape and disk copies.
107
# Pass and Advanced
707. What console function can you, as a computer console operator, perform to determine if a job is active, stopped, terminated, or waiting for a printer?
Displaying job status.
108
# Pass and Advanced
708. How can you determine whether a job aborted because of invalid data or during processing?
By monitoring the console (CRT or console printer).
109
# Pass and Advanced
709. When is the logical point to take a checkpoint?
At the end of reading or writing a tape tile or after a predetermined number of records (about 15,000) have been processed, or after so many minutes (about 30 minutes) of processing have occurred.
110
# Pass and Advanced
710. Should the termination or cancellation of a job ever interfere with the continuous flow of processing within the system?
No.
111
# Pass and Advanced
711. What is the purpose of the cancel operation?
It allows you to stop the processing of an application program and remove it from the system.
112
# Pass and Advanced
712. What is known as a post-mortem dump?
When you cancel a program or a program will abnormally terminate (ABEND), which will require you to dump (print out) the content of the storage.
113
# Pass and Advanced
713. What action do you take whenever a job is canceled or abnormally terminates?
An entry is made in the error/trouble log, giving the cause of the problem using as much detail as possible.
114
# Pass and Advanced
714. What is the basic objective of documentation, regardless of how it is formatted?
To provide you with complete instructions and to serve as a ready reference.
115
# Pass and Advanced
715. What is the reason AIS installations overlap each of the shifts from 15 to 30 minutes?
It allows you sufficient time to get acquainted with the jobs currently being run and provides continuity between shifts and operators.
116
# Pass and Advanced
716. What data/information may you, as the I/0 control clerk, be required to collect of a job that terminates before going to a normal EOJ?
Input and output data and memory dump.
117
# Pass and Advanced
717. What is a virus?
A self replicating, malicious program segment that attaches itself to an application program or other executable system component and leaves no obvious signs of its presence.
118
# Pass and Advanced
718. What personnel can assist you in the detection and eradication of the virus?
Your ISSO and Naval Computer Incident Response Team (NAVCIRT).
119
# Pass and Advanced
719. What time period must magnetic media be acclimated to the atmosphere in which it will be used before releasing it for use?
24 hours.
120
# Pass and Advanced
720. What is the total number of 90-day extensions that may be granted before a tape is copied to another tape?
One.
121
# Pass and Advanced
721. When magnetic media is received from the manufacturer, what is the first thing you should do?
Check the shipping container for obvious damage.
122
# Pass and Advanced
722. What must be done before releasing magnetic media from the library for use on the computer?
Ensure that the media has been properly labeled and prepared (prepped).
123
# Pass and Advanced
723. What are the two types of labels for magnetic media?
External and internal.
124
# Pass and Advanced
724. What are the first four types of external labels, as the magnetic media librarian, you are responsible for initiating and maintaining?
Identification, certification, usage, and cleaning labels.
125
# Pass and Advanced
725. Who is responsible for the save label?
The programmer, user, or control clerk.
126
# Pass and Advanced
726. When would you normally consider using permanent labels?
Only if it were to remain on the media throughout its life cycle.
127
# Pass and Advanced
727. What label is used to indicate the last time a magnetic tape or disk underwent certification?
The certification label.
128
# Pass and Advanced
728. When is the nonpermanent label most useful?
In applications where information regarding the media itself, or what is written upon it, changes quite frequently.
129
# Pass and Advanced
729. What label is used to determine how many times a tape has been read from or written to?
Usage label.
130
# Pass and Advanced
730. Can a magnetic label be cleaned at any time?
Yes.
131
# Pass and Advanced
731. Normal operating conditions in the computer room require the read/write heads to be cleaned how often?
At least once every 4 hours of operation.
132
# Pass and Advanced
732. Why is it important to know when and how often a tape has been cleaned?
Because after a tape has undergone so many cleanings, usually 10, it should be put through a certification process to determine its accuracy (reading and writing capability).
133
# Pass and Advanced
733. Before releasing new magnetic media from the library, what do you sometimes put the media through?
An internal labeling or initialization process.
134
# Pass and Advanced
734. When dealing with magnetic tape, the internal label consists of how many blocks of information written immediately after the BOT marker?
Two.
135
# Pass and Advanced
735. What program should you use to initialize a disk pack?
A direct access storage device initialization (DASDI) program.
136
# Pass and Advanced
736. What are the two things the initialization procedure itself is designed to accomplish?
l) During the DASDI procedure, an internal volume identification is recorded on track zero of the disk, and 2) for a new pack, a surface analysis of the entire disk (or disk space) is performed, defective tracks are flagged, and alternate tracks are assigned.
137
# Pass and Advanced
737. In spite of the many precautions that can be taken to protect the security of the computer center and the media library, what is the safest possible means of protecting data and information of a vital nature?
The off-site, back-up procedure.
138
# Pass and Advanced
738. When should the off-site magnetic media be changed?
Each time the data/information is updated and where daily updates occur, backup files should be minimized to once a week if at all possible.
139
# Pass and Advanced
739. When shipping media to another site, what is the most important thing to remember to do before packaging up a tape or disk for shipment?
Make a copy.
140
# Pass and Advanced
740. What are the steps to follow to prepare media for shipment?
Pull media from the library, copy the media, returning original to library, box media in shipping container, label container, and affix warning labels on all sides.
141
# Pass and Advanced
741. What should be stated on the warning labels when shipping media?
The package contains magnetic media; DO NOT X-RAY.
142
# Pass and Advanced
742. What is a good device to use that helps protect the reel and tape during handling and storage?
Canisters and wrap-around (tape) straps.
143
# Pass and Advanced
743. Why do some AIS installations prefer to use wrap-around straps, better known as tape straps, instead of canisters?
Because they are far less expensive and take up less storage space in the library.
144
# Pass and Advanced
744. When working with tapes in canisters, may canisters be stacked for short periods of time?
Yes.
145
# Pass and Advanced
745. When stacking canisters, how many should be in a stack?
No more than 10.
146
# Pass and Advanced
746. What should you do if you happen to drop a tape reel?
Check it immediately for cracked flanges and the tape itself for possible edge damage.
147
# Pass and Advanced
747. Why should magnetic tape never be placed on top of equipment?
Because of the heat generated by the equipment and because internal magnetic fields within the device may scramble recorded bits of information on the tape.
148
# Pass and Advanced
748. Anytime library personnel are to handle magnetic media, what are the certain things they need to be on the lookout for?
Tapes that are unevenly rewound, write rings that have not been removed from a newly created file, cracked tape flanges, worn tape straps, broken or cracked tape canisters, faded or peeling file identification or reel identification labels, mismatched tape reel number against tape strap number, etc.
149
# Pass and Advanced
749. What is an important element of care you, as the librarian, should be concerned with when handling, retrieving, storing, and labeling of magnetic media?
Cleanliness.
150
# Pass and Advanced
750. Anytime you are retrieving, storing, or just plain handling a disk pack, how should it always be carried?
By the handle located on top of the cover.
151
# Pass and Advanced
751. Why should you never set the pack down onto the bottom cover?
The locking knob, which is cone-shaped, could puncture the pack?s filter or possibly bend the disk?s lower platter.
152
# Pass and Advanced
752. What is the process of cutting a contaminated area of a tape, relocating the BOT reflective marker and continuing to use the tape known as?
Stripping a tape.
153
# Pass and Advanced
753. What is the process of removing all foreign particles (known as residual buildup) and protruding debris from the oxide and back side (the shiny side) of the tape?
Tape cleaning.
154
# Pass and Advanced
754. What is the major cause of most tape-generated debris?
Deterioration of the edges of the tape.
155
# Pass and Advanced
755. What is an effective process to clean a tape?
Use a magnetic tape cleaner/certifier.
156
# Pass and Advanced
756. What is used to remove any protrusions from the oxide surface of a tape?
Knives.
157
# Pass and Advanced
757. When knives are used to remove any protrusions from the oxide surface of a tape, what is the estimated percentage of all tape errors that are removed?
90%.
158
# Pass and Advanced
758. How often should scratch tapes, work tapes, save tapes, and data tapes, be cleaned?
After every 10 uses or every 90 days, whichever is more frequent.
159
# Pass and Advanced
759. What is one of the most frequently used mass storage media?
The removable and interchangeable magnetic disk pack.
160
# Pass and Advanced
760. During normal computer use, what are the three different types of errors encountered on disk packs?
V Temporary errors, permanent errors, and disastrous errors (head to disk contact or head crash).
161
# Pass and Advanced
761. How are head to disk contact or head crash errors caused?
When a read/write head of the disk drive unit comes into direct contact with the surface of a disk platter.
162
# Pass and Advanced
762. What action does the degaussing of magnetic media accomplish?
It rearranges all 0 and 1 bits and magnetically saturates the oxide coating.
163
# Pass and Advanced
763. For a tape 1 inch or less in width to be considered unclassified by the National Security Agency (NSA) standards, what must the signal on the tape be reduced to after degaussing?
A minimum of 90 dB (decibels) below saturation level.
164
# Pass and Advanced
764. How long should the degaussing operation itself take for a magnetic tape with a maximum one-inch width?
No more than 2 minutes per reel.
165
# Pass and Advanced
765. When is the only time the media can be considered as unclassified, and all classification labels and markings identifying the subject matter be removed?
Once the media has been overwritten, then verified (checked) to be sure the read mechanism cannot detect any traces of data information except the characters used in the overwrite procedure.
166
# Pass and Advanced
766. If the storage device fails in such a manner that it cannot erase the data from the media, how may the media be declassified?
By exposing the recording surface(s) to a permanent magnet having a field strength at the recording surface of at least 1500 oersted.
167
# Pass and Advanced
767. What guidelines do you use to destroy magnetic tape and diskettes?
Local standard operating procedures (SOPS).
168
# Pass and Advanced
768. What should be done before returning the degaussed media to its rightful owner?
A certificate of destruction should be tilled out and retained in the library.
169
# Pass and Advanced
769. What are the reports a good automated tape library control (ATLC) program should be capable of providing you with?
Library edit and error, reel master list, application, user/programmer, media to be released, library maintenance, off-site storage, and history reports.
170
# Pass and Advanced
770. Under an ATLC program what report provides information pertaining to media assigned to any particular project?
An Application Report
171
# Pass and Advanced
771. Under an ATLC program what report provides information pertaining to the media that is scheduled to be released (scratched according to purged date)?
The Media To Be Released Report.
172
# Pass and Advanced
772. Under an ATLC program what report provides information pertaining to all magnetic media classified as history files?
The History Report.
173
# Pass and Advanced
773. What is the main purpose of any ATLC system?
To relieve you of having to maintain numerous logs and library tiles by hand.
174
# Pass and Advanced
774. What should be the retention period for off-site tapes?
180 days, with one 30-day extension.
175
# Pass and Advanced
775. In DOS, file names have how many parts?
Two.
176
# Pass and Advanced
776. What is the second part of a file name called in DOS?
The file name extension.
177
# Pass and Advanced
777. Since the file name extension is optional, why is it used?
Only to further qualify or describe a tile.
178
# Pass and Advanced
778. What provides you a way to organize and find tiles by category and name?
File directories.
179
# Pass and Advanced
779. What are the type of disks with only one directory called?
Unstructured or flat type.
180
# Pass and Advanced
780. What is a single directory called whenever you format a disk?
A root directory.
181
# Pass and Advanced
781. To move through a tree structure (UP or DOWN), you must issue commands that use what name?
A path name.
182
# Pass and Advanced
782. What are the common causes of data loss?
Power surges and drops, power failures, and user errors.
183
# Pass and Advanced
783. What distance must all types of magnetic media be kept away from anything that generates a magnetic field?
At least one foot.
184
# Pass and Advanced
784. Why is it not recommended to use low-pressure air or canned air for cleaning the keyboard?
It has a tendency to blow dust and dirt into cracks, crevices, and electrical components that could eventually cause problems.
185
# Pass and Advanced
785. When loading or unloading (mounting or dismounting) a magnetic tape, what should you look for?
Tapes with irregular windings and reel warpage.
186
# Pass and Advanced
786. When mounting a tape, what will happen if the tape is not properly seated on the tape unit?s hub during use?
It will wobble or appear to be warped.
187
# Pass and Advanced
787. What units can be used that eliminates the need for you to manually thread a tape between the read/write head assembly' onto the machine take-up reel?
Self-loading tape units.
188
# Pass and Advanced
788. What is an indication to you that the tape can be dismounted and placed in its proper storage rack or returned to the media library?
When the ready light goes off telling you the job is finished and the tape is rewound and unloaded.
189
# Pass and Advanced
789. When adjusting the tractors on a printer, what tractors should be kept in one permanent location?
The left-hand tractors.
190
# Pass and Advanced
790. After placing the forms in place on a printer and applying the amount of tension to the paper, what will happen if too much tension is applied?
The tractor latching pins tend to rip out the sprocket holes in the form and may cause the forms tractors to open.
191
# Pass and Advanced
791. What part of the printer has a direct effect on the printer?s phasing (which has to do with the quality of the printed character)?
The paper thickness control knob.
192
# Pass and Advanced
792. - What is a good indication the printer ribbon needs to be changed?
When the print starts to fade and adjustments to the form?s thickness and print density controls do not seem to help.
193
# Pass and Advanced
793. What is accomplished by a test print?
It shows if it is functioning properly: that each and every character is clear and sharp (not chopped or halved), that all characters are uniform throughout the entire print line (not wavy), and that all print hammers are firing properly.
194
# Pass and Advanced
794. When do file fragmentation occurs?
When you delete a tile leaving, basically, a hole in the information on the hard disk, or when you add information to an existing file when there is no contiguous space left next to the file.
195
# Pass and Advanced
795. How can a fragmentation be corrected?
By making a backup, reformatting the hard disk, and restoring your files; also running a software program referred to as a defragmenter to reorganize the tiles so the data in each tile is contiguous.
196
# Pass and Advanced
796. What is the oldest technique of accomplishing inputting of data into a system?
Data entry, keying the data off of source documents straight into the system.
197
# Pass and Advanced
797. What are the most common ways of accomplishing inputting of data into a system?
inputting the data from a tape or disk tile.
198
# Pass and Advanced
798. How can software be defined?
As a set of computer programs, procedures, and associated documentation concerned with the operation of a data processing system.
199
# Pass and Advanced
799. What type of software consists of supervisory and support modules (programs) designed to coordinate the capabilities of the computer itself?
Systems software.
200
# Pass and Advanced
800. What is a language translator for an assembly language called?
An assembler program.
