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STEP 1 MIXED > Deck 5 > Flashcards

Deck 5 Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

Most effective Tx for a specific phobia?

A

Behavioral therapy (1st line) benzos second line

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2
Q

What class of drug is rivaroxaban and apixaban?

A

Factor Xa inhibitors

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3
Q

What are direct throjmbin inhibitors?

A

Argatroban, bivalirudin, dabigatran

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4
Q

What path is inhibited when PT is prolonged?

A

Extrinsic path

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5
Q

What path is inhibited with aPTT is prolonged?

A

Intrinsic path

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6
Q

Which medications prolong PT and aPTT but not TT?

A

Direct Factor Xa inhibitors - Rivaroxaban and apixaban

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7
Q

What does unfractioned heparin do to aPTT, TT, and PT?

A

Prolonges aPTT and TT because it inactivates Xa and thrombin. PT will remain unchanged

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8
Q

What do beta blockers to do heart on ECG?

A

prolong PR interval, slow AV node conduction

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9
Q

WHat does it mean if there is a large Arteriovenous concentration gradient of an anesthetic drug?

A

High tissue solubility and slow onset of action

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10
Q

Complications of prolactinoma?

A

Lack of estrogen –> osteoporosis and symptoms of menopause

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11
Q

What do nitrates do to heart?

A

Decrease preload (left ventricular end diastolic volume) via venodilation

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12
Q

Baby with pulm hypoplasia, flat facies, and limb deformities. What is cause?

A

Potter sequence–> renal agenesis

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13
Q

What medication can treat bipolar + seizures?

A

Valproate. Inhibits sodium gataed GABA channels

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14
Q

Pathogenesis of lung abscess formation?

A

neutrophils release cytotoxic granules–> lysosomes

Cause liquefying necrosis in lung

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15
Q

What is Hereditary Pulmonary HTN caused by? What gene?

A

Smooth muscle proliferation causing arteriolar hyalinization
BMPR2
Loud S2 on auscultation

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16
Q

What nerve is damaged if a person has weakness of shoulder abduction + loss of sensation on upper shoulder?

A

Axillary nerve- deltoid muscle

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17
Q

Patient with impaired plantarflexion, toe flexion, foot inversion, and loss of sensation on sole of foot. What nerve was injured?

A

Tibial nerve

Runs through popliteal fossa, deep injuries or surgery can injure it

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18
Q

What converts 7-dehydrocholicalciferol to cholicalciferol?

A

Sunlight UVB

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19
Q

Why do COPD patients stop breathing when administered high flow O2?

A

Carotid and aortic bodies are most sensitive to pO2 and will turn off if these are too high. Reduction in peripheral chemoreceptor stimulation

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20
Q

What is high in Trisomy 21 for quad test?

A

Inhibin A and B-hCG

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21
Q

If QT interval is prolonged, which ion channel affected?

Study These Flashcards
A

K+ efflux is decreased, leading to longer QT interval and possible ventricular arrhythmias or tosades de pointes

22
Q

What are antibodies against in pemphigus vulgaris vs bullous pemphigoid?

Study These Flashcards
A

PV - desmosomes

BP - hemidesmosomes

23
Q

Where are parietal cells found in stomach? What will be seen in pernicous anemia?

Study These Flashcards
A

Upper glandular layer

Gastric atrophy in fundus and body of stomach

24
Q

What is the most common cause of COPD exacerbation?

Study These Flashcards
A

H. influenzae and rhinovirus

25
What muscle is responsible for humerus extension, adduction, and internal rotation?
Lat dorsi
26
What is the latissmus dorsi innervated by?
Thoracodorsal nerve C6-C8
27
What's the hawthorne effect?
Subjects change their behavior as a result of knowing they are being studied
28
Patient with normal 46, XX but shows signs of Turner syndrome. What happened?
Somatic moaicism --> two genetically different cell lines in body
29
MOA spironolactone causing gynecomastia?
Anti-androgenic effects- blocks androgen receptor and causes decreased testosterone production
30
What activates medullary cells (chromaffin cells) in adrenal gland to produce Epinephrine and Norepinephrine?
Ach
31
Where is fistula during gallstone ileus?
Between gallbladder and ileum
32
WHat is gallbladder ileus?
A stone from gallbladder starts to obstruct the biliary tree and gets lodged in ileum, creating symptoms of SBO
33
What will you see on CT scan if there is gallstone ileus?
Air in biliary tree***
34
What is the "new normal" BMI?
18.5 | LOL
35
MOA sumpatriptan in aborting migranes?
Stimulate serotonin 5-HT1B/1D agonists pre and post synaptically to inhibit release of CGRP and inhibit vasodilation CGRP = calcitonin gene related peptide and substance P
36
What are PTH, phosphorus, and calcium levels like in osteoporosis?
Normal
37
When does acute rejection of graft occur?
<6 months | May be humoral or cell-mediated
38
What happens to clavicle fragments when fractured?
Medial portion is pulled superiorly and posteriorly by SCM. Lateral portion is pulled inferior and anterior by pectoralis major
39
What is structural heart change when AS occurs?
Increased LV end diastolic pressure
40
How does Wolf-parkinson-white usually present?
AV reentrant tachycardia
41
WHat does WPW do to ECG?
Shortens PR interval and widens QRS (delta wave)
42
Tx anorexia nervosa?
CBT and nutritional rehab | Olanzapine if no response
43
Tx bullemia nervosa?
SSRI, CBT, nutritional rehab
44
What is MOA of repaglinide and nateglinide?
(Meglitinides) Increases insulin secretion by inhibiting Beta-cell K+-ATP channels SHort acting, used for post-parandial glucose spikes
45
What nerve supplies sensory innervation to perineum and external genitalia?
Pudendal nerve
46
What nerve supplies the rectum?
Inferior rectal, branch of pudendal. Below dentate line
47
What is precursor skin lesions to SCC?
Actinic keratosis (looks like whispy white patches on people's skin)
48
When does glucose start being excreted in urine?
Above 200mg/dL. This happens because transport maximum of glucose is reached
49
What type of cells are in ovary?
Simple cuboidal epithelial cells
50
What type of cells are fallopian tube, uterus, cervix, and vagina?
Fallopian and uterus are simple columnar Cervix -- ectocervix is stratified squamous non-keratinized Vagina is stratfied squamous non-keratinized As you go down: Cuboidal ---> columnar--> stratified squamous

STEP 1 MIXED (13 decks)

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