Deck 6

Question 1

What causes high AFP in pregnant woman?

Answer 1

Neural tube defects

Question 2

High BHCG?

Answer 2

Pregnant or molar pregnancy, Downs

Question 3

Characteristics of kartagener syndrome?

Answer 3

anosmia, infertility, URIs, situs inversus (major organs are reversed). Defect in dynein of cilia

Question 4

Characteristics of preeclampsia and complications?

Answer 4

Hypertension, proteinuria, edema after 24 weeks gestation. Also headache, blurred vision, hyperreflexia, abd pain, altered mentation. Complications = DIC, HELLP syndrome, ATN

Question 5

Pregnant women bleeding?

Answer 5

Probably vasa previa or abruptio placentae. The first does not have pain. The second has risk factors of hypertension, cocaine use, trauma, cigarretes, fibroids, etc

Question 6

What condition has ovarian tumor, ascites, and hydrothorax (pleural effusion)?

Answer 6

Meigs syndrome

Question 7

What cycle do oovocytes stay in until ovulation? After ovulation?

Answer 7

Prophase I. Metaphase II

Question 8

HELLP syndrome?

Answer 8

Hemolysis, Elevated Liver function tests, Low Platelets. = severe preeclampsia

Question 9

What is McCune-Albright Syndrome?

Answer 9

triad of precocious puberty, café au lait spots, and polyostotic fibrous dysplasia caused by an activating mutation in the a subunit of a G-protein

Question 10

What is deficient in Hirschprung disease? What can happen?

Answer 10

Auerbach and Meissner plexuses in large intestine. From neural crest. Can lead to congenital megacolon. Associated with downs syndrome

Question 11

Where does splenic blood supply come from?

Answer 11

Splenic artery from celiac trunk

Question 12

Whats a complication of acute pancreatitis? Chronic pancreatitis?

Answer 12

Acute: pancreatic pseudocyst. Chronic: pancreatic carcinoma

Question 13

What meds do you use to treat C. diff?

Answer 13

Metronidazole or vanco with more severe cases

Question 14

What is misoprostol used for?

Answer 14

Prostaglandin 1 analog. Used for NSAID ulcers, pain, abortifacient (avoid in pregnant women)

Question 15

Diference between FAP and HNPCC?

Answer 15

FAP is mutation in tumor suppressor gene APC on chromosone 5 (5 letters = polyp). HNPCC is mutation in DNA repair genes MSH2, MLH1

Question 16

Signs of wilson’s disease?

Answer 16

Extrapyramidal basal ganglion symptoms, Kayser-Fleisher rings in cornea, hepatic impairment, hemolytic anemia, low ceruplasmin. Type tube renal tubular acidosis (hypokalemia, metabolic acidosis)

Question 17

Therapy for H. pylori?

Answer 17

Triple therapy of 2 antibiotics (MCAT: Metronidazole, Clarithromycin, Amoxicillin, Tetracycline) and 1 ppi (omeprazole)

Question 18

Infant that is lethargic and jaundice with increased unconjugated bilirubin…?

Answer 18

Criggler-Najar type 1. Defect in uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase. Causes kernicterus= bilirubin deposition in brain

Question 19

Mechanism of action of ranitidine (cimetidine, famotidine)?

Answer 19

Antagonists at H2 receptor on parietal cell to stop interaction with histadine. Inhibits Gs receptor

Question 20

Mechanism of action of omeprazole (lansoprazole)?

Answer 20

Blocks H+/K+ ATPase in parietal cells

Question 21

Another name for HNPCC? Inheritance?

Answer 21

Lynch. Autosomal dominant. Colorectal cancer or endometrial, ovarian, urinary tract, small intestine, stomach, biliary

Question 22

Which virus is transmitted mother to child that causes HCC (hepatic)?

Answer 22

Hep B

Question 23

What D2 receptor antagonist is used for gastric paresis/ antiemetic?

Answer 23

Metaclopramide: increases lower esophageal tone, contractility and motility

Question 24

What is deficient in pompe dz? What happens?

Answer 24

Defect in a-1,4-glucosidase (glycogen storage dz). Glycogen builds up. Causes myopathies like heart muscle thickening

Question 25

What causes Meckels diverticulum?

Answer 25

Failure of involution of vitelline duct (connects midgut lumen to yolk sac. Present with lower GI bleed, obstruction. Incr. risk of intususception or volvulus. Supplied by SMA. Ectopic gastric mucosa can be found.

Question 26

What is metocloporide used for? SE?

Answer 26

Gastroparesis. Is D2 antagonist that causes relaxation of pyloric. Extrapyramidal signs. Contraindicated in small bowel obstruction, hemorrhage, perforation

Question 27

Where is iron absorbed?

Answer 27

Duodenum

Question 28

Primary prevention? Secondary? Tertiary?

Answer 28

1- try to prevent from happening by modifying risk factors 2-prevent worse impact after it started 3- prevent furthing disabling of something permanent

Question 29

What causes cushing ulcer?

Answer 29

Increase ICP leads to vagal stimulation and incr. acid

Question 30

Actions of CCK?

Answer 30

Contaction of gallbladder to secrete, pancreatic enzyme secretion, decr. Gastric motility

Question 31

What syndrome causes inherited increase in conjugated bilirubin?

Answer 31

Dubin-Johnson syndrome. = defective excretion. Auto recessive. Causes jaundice and black liver on histo vs. Rotor syndrome where liver looks normal but direct hyperbilirubinemia.

Question 32

Eosinophilia can be caused by what?

Answer 32

NAACP: Neoplasia, Allergic process, Asthma, Chronic adrenal insufficiency, Parasites

Question 33

What are the circular RNA viruses?

Answer 33

Dhey Are Balls: Deltavirus, Arenavirus, Bunyavirus

Question 34

What is seen on kidney biopsy of Wegeners?

Answer 34

Necrotizing glomerulonephritis with crescent shaped scars

Question 35

What fetal structures make up the diaphragm?

Answer 35

Septum transversum, Pleuroperitoneal folds, Body wall, Dorsal mesentary of esophagus…. Several Body Parts Builds Diaphragm

Question 36

In strep pneumo pneumonia- can't give penicillin bc allergy what else could you give?

Answer 36

Doxycyclin or macrolides- by binding 50s subunit

Question 37

What antibiotic require O2 for uptake into the cell and are therefor useless against anaerobes?

Answer 37

Aminoglycosides- need O2 for cytosolic and ribosomal uptake

Question 38

Side effects of amiodarone?

Answer 38

Pulmonary fibrosis, interstitial pneumonitis, phtosensitivity, thyroid disorders, GI upset

Question 39

Hemoptysis and hematuria…. Differential? What is pathology of them?

Answer 39

Goodpastures or granulomatis with polyangitis. Goodpastures: antibodies to type IV collagen (basement membrane in alveoli and glomeruli. GP: ANCA antibodies within neutrophils

Question 40

What is A1 antitrypsin and what does it do?

Answer 40

Serine protease inhibitor. Inhibits neutrophil elastase in lung. Deficiency can lead to pan-acinar emphysema (base > apex). Also cirrhosis, skin problems