deck no. 02 Flashcards

Question

litigation

Answer 1

spór [sądowy] Financial firms that dealt with Mr Madoff are bracing themselves for a wave of **litigation** as individual victims go after those with deep pockets.

Answer 2

wykorzystać One idea is to **harness** quantum mechanics to perform certain calculations much faster than any classical computer could ever hope to do.

Answer 3

tu: poletko America has not welcomed China’s incursion onto its **patch**.

Answer 4

wrongdoing Some clients reportedly suspected that Mr Madoff was engaged in **wrongdoing**, but not the sort that would endanger their money.

Answer 5

forefront The result has been consolidation at the **forefront** of chipmaking.

Answer 6

to harness One idea is to **harness** quantum mechanics to perform certain calculations much faster than any classical computer could ever hope to do.

Answer 7

foreboding Measured by assets, Bear is not that big. But with positions in credit-default and interest-rate swaps worth a notional $10 trillion, the idea of its sudden collapse was chilling—and nobody wanted to put that **foreboding** to the test.

Answer 8

a set piece Still, NATO says it retains the initiative: the Taliban have been forced to abandon **set-piece** battles in favour of "asymmetric" suicide-bombs.

Answer 9

imminent Although the end of Wall Street was **imminent**, Bank of America’s offer valued Merrill Lynch at $29 per share—a 70 percent premium over the stock’s closing price on the previous Friday, and nearly twice its book value.

Answer 10

puchnąć; powiększyć The now-infamous report was leaked to the press, and its conclusion was dire: If we didn’t send another 40,000 troops – **swelling** the number of U.S. forces in Afghanistan by nearly half – we were in danger of "mission failure."

Answer 11

outfit Thanks to rampant innovation, particularly in futures, options and swaps, regulators must worry not only about those banks that are too big to fail, but also about middle-sized **outfit**s with tentacles that wind through the derivative markets.

Answer 12

to keep up sth He’s in France to sell his new war strategy to our NATO allies – to **keep up** the fiction, in essence, that we actually have allies.

Answer 13

gra skończona; po ptokach; to już koniec ; wydało się But now the computer industry is increasingly aware that **the jig will soon be up**.

Answer 14

at will China’s pretensions to being a superpower will look hollow as long as America can throttle its firms **at will**.

Answer 15

donieść na kogoś Regulation of financial firms’ accountants may also need tightening. And more could be done to encourage **whistle-blowing**.

Answer 16

appraisal Then came the re**appraisal** of risk.

Answer 17

consolation It is scant **consolation** to the thousands who have lost their jobs in finance, but the next generation wants to be better prepared.

Answer 18

centrum; bastion Silicon valley, the **heartland** of America’s technology industry, takes its name from the chemical element that is the most important ingredient in microchips.

Answer 19

koszula z przypinanymi rogami kołnierzyka Dressed in off-the-rack civilian casual – blue tie, **button-down** shirt, dress slacks – McChrystal is way out of his comfort zone.

Answer 20

niestosowny An **unseemly** squabble over jurisdiction in a bankruptcy case against two defunct Bear Stearns hedge funds probably didn't help to calm nerves.

Answer 21

spotkać The general first **encountered** Obama a week after he took office, when the president met with a dozen senior military officials in a room at the Pentagon known as the Tank.

Answer 22

liabilities UBS reckons that brokers today use short-term **liabilities** for just a fifth of their funding, down from well over 50% a decade ago.

Answer 23

nękać; przysparzać zmartwień Still, Dell’s transformation is welcomed by many **beleaguered** IT managers.

Answer 24

to fetch Other commodities **fetch** roughly the same price the world over, but gas has no global price.

Answer 25

lejek; kierować Officials have kept up a drumbeat of warnings about the risks of using equipment made in China, for fear that it may be **funnelling** sensitive information homeward.

Answer 26

niepotwierdzony, bezpodstawny Its shares slumped this week on **unsubstantiated** rumours that it faced big losses in asset-backed commercial paper.

Answer 27

litigation Financial firms that dealt with Mr Madoff are bracing themselves for a wave of **litigation** as individual victims go after those with deep pockets.

Answer 28

chunk Thanks to the spectacular rise in recent years of cloud-computing services from Amazon and Microsoft, many firms have shifted **chunks** of software, data and applications previously stored on in-house servers to the new "public cloud" infrastructure.

Answer 29

to gauge The banks' ability to cope with liquidity crises and credit crunches is harder to **gauge**.

Answer 30

namierzyć; ustalić położenie Both would also like to help New Yorkers **pinpoint** yellow taxis. Although the streets are chock-a-block with them, finding one that will take you where you want to go can be a hair-tearing experience, especially just before a change of shift.

Answer 31

zwolnić z obowiązku (tu: służby) It was the first time a top general had been **relieved from duty** during wartime in more than 50 years, since Harry Truman fired Gen. Douglas MacArthur at the height of the Korean War.

Answer 32

zadziwić; oszołomić Dizzying—but also **bewildering**. The typical chief technology officer (cto) of a big firm, under pressure to take advantage of every computing advance from data-analytics to artificial intelligence to the internet of things (iot), is faced with a mish-mash of information-technology options.

Answer 33

cutting-edge China’s ambitions to create a **cutting-edge** industry worried Mr Trump’s predecessor.

Answer 34

to confine This evident utility started an international competition to build one that was, for many years, **confined** to quiet labs and the academic literature.

Answer 35

sugerować, oznaczać Valuations climbed to three times book value, **imply**ing sustainable returns on equity of over 30%, when even 25% is rare in the industry.

Answer 36

to dismiss Then, unable to help themselves, he and his staff imagine the general **dismissing** the vice president with a good one-liner.

Answer 37

trudny do rozwiązania A computer big enough to do what Dr Shor envisaged would also be useful for all manner of currently **intractable** problems.

Answer 38

ograniczyć; zamknąć This evident utility started an international competition to build one that was, for many years, **confined** to quiet labs and the academic literature.

Answer 39

liczyć się z The public cloud promoted by Amazon and Microsoft will remain a force to **reckon with**.

Answer 40

z jajami; z ikrą The general prides himself on being sharper and **ballsier** than anyone else, but his brashness comes with a price: Although McChrystal has been in charge of the war for only a year, in that short time he has managed to piss off almost everyone with a stake in the conflict.

Answer 41

to humble They were uncompromising in their search for returns, and they dominated trading activity in most securities. But the industry has been **humbled**.

Answer 42

przedłużać się; przeciągać się COIN, as the theory is known, is the new gospel of the Pentagon brass, a doctrine that attempts to square the military’s preference for high-tech violence with the demands of fighting **protracted** wars in failed states.

Answer 43

to exacerbate But the rapid growth of emerging markets also **exacerbated** a half-century-long trend for power over that oil to shift to the countries where it is

Answer 44

pionierski; najnowocześniejszy **Leading-edge** fabs have become eye-wateringly pricey.

Answer 45

szanowany Bank bosses peered enviously at the profits and risk-taking prowess of the **venerable** investment bank.

Answer 46

hefty Because of those **hefty** transport costs, gas does not behave like a commodity.

Answer 47

skomplikowany Each time components in a chip shrink, manufacturing gets **fiddlier** and more expensive.

Answer 48

wystawiać kogoś do walki przeciwko komuś For the general, it was a crash course in Beltway politics – a battle that **pitted him against** experienced Washington insiders like Vice President Biden, who argued that a prolonged counterinsurgency campaign in Afghanistan would plunge America into a military quagmire without weakening international terrorist networks.

Answer 49

covenant Two boom-era phenomena, "**covenant**-lite" debt and "payment in kind" loans, also helped.

Answer 50

sztuczka The scheme to sell more than half of the asset-management division while retaining more than half of its profit smacks of **sleight-of-hand**.

Answer 51

zaległa [spłata], przestępczy, winny przestępstwa Seen as safe only a few months ago, these are now tumbling in value as mortgage **delinquencies** rise.

Answer 52

perverse Typically they do not invest more than 10% of a fund in any one deal, so diversification helped. So did **perverse**"deal" fees.

Answer 53

wymowne jest to, że **Tellingly**, JPMorgan's shares rose sharply the day after the takeover, even as other financials tumbled.

Answer 54

to make inroads It has already **made inroads** at the lower end of the market. Firms such as Samsung, Intel, Apple and Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (tsmc) design or make powerful, expensive chips for smartphones or cloud computing.

Answer 55

to stem from sth He has the dubious honour of being the first Wall Street boss to be forced out over losses **stemming from** the global credit crunch.

Answer 56

elusive In such a fight against a weaker but **elusive** enemy, says Kipling, "the odds are on the cheaper man".

Answer 57

pervasive And the third is to prepare for a world in which Chinese chips are more powerful and **pervasive**.

Answer 58

wirować, kłębić się Clients withdrew $17 billion in two days last week, after rumours **swirled** that other banks were refusing to step into clients' shoes as counterparties in derivatives trades.

Answer 59

terse The remarks earned him a smackdown from the president himself, who summoned the general to a **terse** private meeting aboard Air Force One.

Answer 60

futile In the long run it may be **futile**, too.

Answer 61

to cast about At the same time, says Andrew Huang, a hardware designer, the slowing of Moore’s law has left the industry as a whole **casting about** for other ways to build better chips.

Answer 62

to reiterate He **reiterated** Paulson’s view that a failure to complete the merger would result in a "systemic risk" to the U.S. economy—and that invoking the MAC clause would cause the Fed and Treasury to remove Bank of America’s management and its board of directors.

Answer 63

napięty By far the most crucial – and **strained** – relationship is between McChrystal and Eikenberry, the U.S. ambassador.

Answer 64

to push forward Now Mr Dell is **pushing forward** his next revolution. He is trying to save the ageing pc manufacturer from commoditisation by dramatically expanding its software and cloud offerings.

Answer 65

to relent The city council proposed a minimum charge for Uber that was five times the price of a taxi, but **relented** after the company organised a brisk social-media campaign.

Answer 66

akademik The billionaire founded Dell in his college **dorm** room at the University of Texas in 1984 and by the age of 27 he became the youngest-ever boss of a Fortune 500 company (Mark Zuckerberg was nearly 29 when Facebook first made the list, in 2013).

Answer 67

to protract COIN, as the theory is known, is the new gospel of the Pentagon brass, a doctrine that attempts to square the military’s preference for high-tech violence with the demands of fighting **protracted** wars in failed states.

Answer 68

zaakceptować, wybaczyć He urged them to come up with "some analysis" to convince Lewis why calling the MAC "would be a foolish move and why the regulators will not **condone** it."

Answer 69

to dizzy Customers can now access a **dizzying** array of software and hardware offered as unbundled, cloud-based services.

Answer 70

gwałtowny spadek Its shares **slump**ed this week on unsubstantiated rumours that it faced big losses in asset-backed commercial paper.

Answer 71

to drag one's heels; to drag one's feet China has toughened up in retaliation. A planned takeover by Qualcomm, an American firm that designs chips, of nxp, a Dutch one, was abandoned in 2018 after **heel-dragging** by competition regulators in Beijing.

Answer 72

squabble An unseemly **squabble** over jurisdiction in a bankruptcy case against two defunct Bear Stearns hedge funds probably didn't help to calm nerves.

Answer 73

stockpile Goldman Sachs keeps a **stockpile** of over $50 billion in highly liquid securities in case markets dry up.

Answer 74

pobudzać Firms like Huawei have a proven ability to innovate; blocking the flow of Intel chips in 2015 only **spurred** China on to develop its domestic supercomputing industry.

Answer 75

to lag And despite its rapid rise in recent years, it will still **lag** oil as a source of energy by 2035, according to the International Energy Agency (IEA), a rich-world energy club—and overtake coal by then only if the new gas reserves are fully exploited.

Answer 76

shitfaced By midnight at Kitty O’Shea’s, much of Team America is completely **shitfaced**.

Answer 77

dorobić New sorts of transistors can **eke out** a few more iterations of Moore’s law, but they will get increasingly expensive.

Answer 78

przestępstwo; wykroczenie Some clients reportedly suspected that Mr Madoff was engaged in **wrongdoing**, but not the sort that would endanger their money.

Answer 79

stały fragment gry; charakterystyczna część Still, NATO says it retains the initiative: the Taliban have been forced to abandon **set-piece** battles in favour of "asymmetric" suicide-bombs.

Answer 80

hollow China’s pretensions to being a superpower will look **hollow** as long as America can throttle its firms at will.

Answer 81

samodzielnie, w pojedynkę It’s a kind of superhuman narrative that has built up around him, a staple in almost every media profile, as if the ability to go without sleep and food translates into the possibility of a man **single-handedly** winning the war.

Answer 82

to inhabit Still, if it came down to it, battling a lawsuit would be better than trying **to inhabit** a house aflame.

Answer 83

neatly But it was in the Valley in the 1950s and 1960s where inventions like the transistor and the integrated circuit were refined, helping to transform computers from unreliable machines the size of a room into dependable devices that fit **neatly** into pockets.

Answer 84

słabnąć; zanikać As that certainty **wanes**, the effects could be felt far beyond the chipmakers faced with new challenges and costs.

Answer 85

single-handedly It’s a kind of superhuman narrative that has built up around him, a staple in almost every media profile, as if the ability to go without sleep and food translates into the possibility of a man **single-handedly** winning the war.

Answer 86

kawał, kloc Thanks to the spectacular rise in recent years of cloud-computing services from Amazon and Microsoft, many firms have shifted **chunks** of software, data and applications previously stored on in-house servers to the new "public cloud" infrastructure.

Answer 87

obciążenie Another fighting season beckons in Afghanistan, and the **strain** is beginning to tell.

Answer 88

zwiększyć gwałtownie According to Fitch, a rating agency, such assets at the top five Wall Street banks **ballooned** from $144 billion in 2004 to $229 billion at the end of the second quarter of this year, up 59%.

Answer 89

opłacalny; wykonalny But there is more work to be done before tunnelling transistors become **viable**, says Greg Yeric of ARM, a British designer of microchips: for now they do not yet switch on and off quickly enough to allow them to be used for fast chips.

Answer 90

to feature Semiconductors **feature** prominently in "Made in China 2025", a national development plan issued in 2015.

Answer 91

wątek The right approach for America, therefore, has three **strands**. The first is to work with its allies in Europe and Asia to keep pushing back against unfair Chinese practices (such as forced tech transfer and intellectual-property theft) at the World Trade Organisation, and to screen out inward Chinese investments when security justifies it.

Answer 92

amenable to sth Chipmakers are spending billions on new designs and materials that may make transistors **amenable to** a bit more shrinkage and allow another few turns of the exponential crank.

Answer 93

przewrócić Three months later a whopping writedown of the value of mortgage-linked securities **tipped** the Wall Street giant into a loss of $2.3 billion.

Answer 94

sparaliżować; unieruchomić If that happened it could **cripple** the firm, although the Chinese government or state-owned banks would probably bail it out if necessary.

Answer 95

czysto; doskonale; porządnie But it was in the Valley in the 1950s and 1960s where inventions like the transistor and the integrated circuit were refined, helping to transform computers from unreliable machines the size of a room into dependable devices that fit **neatly** into pockets.

Answer 96

to recoup But each time transistors shrank, and the chips made out of them became faster and more capable, the market for them grew, allowing the makers to **recoup** their R&D costs and reinvest in yet more research to make their products still tinier.

Answer 97

należny, naliczony (np. odsetki) Second, good first-half results will help to bail Wall Street firms out, as half of their **accrued** bonus pools can be taken back to cover second-half losses.

Answer 98

to tip Three months later a whopping writedown of the value of mortgage-linked securities **tipped** the Wall Street giant into a loss of $2.3 billion.

Answer 99

fiddly Each time components in a chip shrink, manufacturing gets **fiddlier** and more expensive.

Answer 100

plejada; szeroki wybór Customers can now access a dizzying **array** of software and hardware offered as unbundled, cloud-based services.

Answer 101

brać się z [czegoś] He has the dubious honour of being the first Wall Street boss to be forced out over losses **stemming from** the global credit crunch.

Answer 102

sprawność Bank bosses peered enviously at the profits and risk-taking **prowess** of the venerable investment bank.

Answer 103

upokorzyć, skromny They were uncompromising in their search for returns, and they dominated trading activity in most securities. But the industry has been **humbled**.

Answer 104

rozpocząć When Barack Obama entered the Oval Office, he immediately **set out** to deliver on his most important campaign promise on foreign policy: to refocus the war in Afghanistan on what led us to invade in the first place.

Answer 105

nieprzezroczystość Investment banks are now paying for that **opacity**, even though their management of risk has improved since the last credit crisis in 1998.

Answer 106

blistering Moore’s law provided an unprecedented combination of **blistering** progress and certainty about the near future.

Answer 107

to pull off Very few firms have been able to **pull off** a corporate transformation, says Michael Cusumano of the mit Sloan School of Management, but he thinks Mr Dell’s labours are starting to produce results.

Answer 108

rozstrzaskać Hopes that banks would be able to put the worst behind them in a single bad quarter have been **dashed**.

Answer 109

to backtrack Startled by the looming harm, and (he says) swayed by appeals from Mr Xi, Mr Trump swiftly **backtracked**.

Answer 110

wzniecać They were probably methane gas seeping out of the ground, **ignited** by lightning.

Answer 111

arognacki, bezczelny The general prides himself on being sharper and ballsier than anyone else, but his **brashness** comes with a price: Although McChrystal has been in charge of the war for only a year, in that short time he has managed to piss off almost everyone with a stake in the conflict.

Answer 112

pchać; uderzyć Two forces are now **thrusting** the semiconductor industry firmly into the spotlight. The first is geopolitics.

Answer 113

foothold In continental Europe traded gas markets are gaining a **foothold**, but most gas is delivered through pipelines and sold on long-term contracts linked to the price of oil, for which it used to be seen as a substitute.

Answer 114

to gear up Today, as McChrystal **gears up** for an offensive in southern Afghanistan, the prospects for any kind of success look bleak.

Answer 115

quaint In the early years of this decade, when banks did **quaint** things like making money, the mantra on Wall Street was: "Be more like Goldman Sachs".

Answer 116

to condone He urged them to come up with "some analysis" to convince Lewis why calling the MAC "would be a foolish move and why the regulators will not **condone** it."

Answer 117

sprzeczka An unseemly **squabble** over jurisdiction in a bankruptcy case against two defunct Bear Stearns hedge funds probably didn't help to calm nerves.

Answer 118

gwałtownie szukać At the same time, says Andrew Huang, a hardware designer, the slowing of Moore’s law has left the industry as a whole **casting about** for other ways to build better chips.

Answer 119

standpoint "From an economic **standpoint**, Moore’s law is over," says Linley Gwennap, who runs the Linley Group, a firm of Silicon Valley analysts.

Answer 120

to relieve from a duty It was the first time a top general had been **relieved from duty** during wartime in more than 50 years, since Harry Truman fired Gen. Douglas MacArthur at the height of the Korean War.

Answer 121

być na równi z HiSilicon’s "Kirin" series of smartphone chips **is on a par with** anything Western companies can design.

Answer 122

to bring down The Runaway General: The Profile That **Brought Down** McChrystal

Answer 123

namówić kogoś do zrobienia czegoś Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group (MUFG), a giant Japanese bank, will buy up to 20% of Morgan. Goldman has gone one better, **coaxing** $5 billion from Warren Buffett.

Answer 124

na dobre i złe He generated returns to match: in the vicinity of 10% a year, **through thick and thin**.

Answer 125

accrued Second, good first-half results will help to bail Wall Street firms out, as half of their **accrued** bonus pools can be taken back to cover second-half losses.

Answer 126

przerzucać (na kogoś) With any luck they will already have **offloaded** their companies onto the public market by then.

Answer 127

parodia They jokingly refer to themselves as Team America, taking the name from the South Park-esque **sendup** of military cluelessness, and they pride themselves on their can-do attitude and their disdain for authority.

Answer 128

pójść za przykładem Although the place has been under UN administration for eight years, Russia has argued that a self-declared independent Kosovo will prompt other breakaway regions, such as Abkhazia in Georgia and Transdniestria in Moldova (where Russia still has some troops) **to follow suit**.

Answer 129

zatrzeć się [silnik], odmówić posłuszeństwa The stockmarket crash of 1987 and the **seizing up** of credit markets after Russia defaulted in 1998 both exposed huge flaws in the industry, forcing central banks to step in to prevent what they feared might be lasting damage to the real economy.

Answer 130

kandydat Huawei was one of hundreds of private **hopeful**s that rose from Shenzhen, a capitalist hub.

Answer 131

podciąć skrzydła Mr Dell revolutionised the business of personal computers (pcs) by selling directly to customers, adopting just-in-time manufacturing and lean, global supply chains that **undercut** rivals.

Answer 132

tu: nastroje They may try to get as much bad news out as they can while **sentiment** is at rock bottom.

Answer 133

kontynuować; forsować Now Mr Dell is **pushing forward** his next revolution. He is trying to save the ageing pc manufacturer from commoditisation by dramatically expanding its software and cloud offerings.

Answer 134

głowić się; rozmyślać It would be odd if their Chinese counterparts were not at least **pondering** similar tactics.

Answer 135

to deteriorate With the shareholder vote nearing, and despite Merrill’s **deteriorating** finances, Bank of America’s executives and lawyers decided to move forward, with considerable "mixed emotions," according to one of them, as reported in The Wall Street Journal in February: "Everyone wanted to see the deal go through."

Answer 136

to swell The now-infamous report was leaked to the press, and its conclusion was dire: If we didn’t send another 40,000 troops – **swelling** the number of U.S. forces in Afghanistan by nearly half – we were in danger of "mission failure."

Answer 137

to carry out China has demanded Ms Meng’s release, and threatened Canada with "serious consequences" for **carrying out** the arrest in the first place.

Answer 138

to swirl Clients withdrew $17 billion in two days last week, after rumours **swirled** that other banks were refusing to step into clients' shoes as counterparties in derivatives trades.

Answer 139

stale powtarzać He **reiterated** Paulson’s view that a failure to complete the merger would result in a "systemic risk" to the U.S. economy—and that invoking the MAC clause would cause the Fed and Treasury to remove Bank of America’s management and its board of directors.

Answer 140

wierchuszka, szefostwo, najważniejsi urzędnicy According to sources familiar with the meeting, McChrystal thought Obama looked "uncomfortable and intimidated" by the roomful of military **brass**.

Answer 141

from the outset Even though he had voted for Obama, McChrystal and his new commander in chief failed **from the outset** to connect.

Answer 142

w stanie surowym These days, big business is seriously interested, and blue-chip companies including Intel, Hewlett-Packard, Google and Microsoft all have research programmes. Last year IBM released Quantum Experience, which lets all comers play around with a **crude** quantum computer over the internet.

Answer 143

wulg. pijany By midnight at Kitty O’Shea’s, much of Team America is completely **shitfaced**.

Answer 144

admittedly But some industry observers suggest the activism and other high-profile tactics—**admittedly**, still practised by only a small fraction of hedge funds—are evidence that the industry has become more mainstream.

Answer 145

koniec; upadek; zgon The **demise** of this virtuous circle has been predicted many times.

Answer 146

ferocious The biggest military operation of the year – a **ferocious** offensive that began in February to retake the southern town of Marja – continues to drag on, prompting McChrystal himself to refer to it as a "bleeding ulcer."

Answer 147

pogorszyć The disquiet over liquidity is **exacerbate**d by the fact that investment banks—which usually package securities and sell them—have increasingly stuffed their vaults with illiquid assets, such as private-equity investments, "hung" bridge loans (ie, those that are not as temporary as had been hoped), and rarely traded derivatives.

Answer 148

wykonać; przeprowadzić China has demanded Ms Meng’s release, and threatened Canada with "serious consequences" for **carrying out** the arrest in the first place.

Answer 149

kategorycznie Yet Russia's public support for the Serbs also masks differences with them: a recent 14-point proposal from the troika of the EU, Russia and America to break the deadlock included several Russian ideas, but it was rejected **flatly** by the Serbs.

Answer 150

exceedingly Dr Shor showed that a quantum computer would be capable of working out the prime numbers that, multiplied together, make up an **exceedingly** large number.

Answer 151

to undercut Mr Dell revolutionised the business of personal computers (pcs) by selling directly to customers, adopting just-in-time manufacturing and lean, global supply chains that **undercut** rivals.

Answer 152

punkt zwrotny "The end of Moore’s law could be an **inflection point**," says Microsoft’s Dr Lee.

Answer 153

cohesive Failure, the report says, will "put in grave jeopardy NATO's future as a credible, **cohesive** and relevant military alliance".

Answer 154

to break down For a long time that basic design worked better and better as transistors became ever smaller. But at truly tiny scales it begins to **break down**.

Answer 155

to pinpoint Both would also like to help New Yorkers **pinpoint** yellow taxis. Although the streets are chock-a-block with them, finding one that will take you where you want to go can be a hair-tearing experience, especially just before a change of shift.

Answer 156

agility More and more retail investment funds are capping their sizes in an effort to protect their **agility** and performance.

Answer 157

bleeding-edge But "between 75% and 80% of semiconductors are not **bleeding-edge** products," says Len Jelinek of ihs Markit, a research firm.

Answer 158

zwlekać z czymś, ociągać się China has toughened up in retaliation. A planned takeover by Qualcomm, an American firm that designs chips, of nxp, a Dutch one, was abandoned in 2018 after **heel-dragging** by competition regulators in Beijing.

Answer 159

psuć się; załamywać się For a long time that basic design worked better and better as transistors became ever smaller. But at truly tiny scales it begins to **break down**.

Answer 160

latency Its super-fast chip, which enjoys very low **latency** (the time it takes for data to get to their destination), is ideal for use in AVS.

Answer 161

zahamować , zakazać Therefore, he argues, there is likely to be an evolved mechanism that identifies certain goals as unattainable and **inhibits** their pursuit—and he believes that low mood is at least part of that mechanism.

Answer 162

to cripple If that happened it could **cripple** the firm, although the Chinese government or state-owned banks would probably bail it out if necessary.

Answer 163

zaplecze (tylna, niewidoczna część czegoś) With its plan to dominate the market for the **back-end** kit necessary for telecom firms to offer "fifth-generation" (5g) mobile-phone networks, Huawei is a key part of the "Made in China 2025" initiative to create leaders in cutting-edge industries.

Answer 164

okropny, potworny The now-infamous report was leaked to the press, and its conclusion was **dire**: If we didn’t send another 40,000 troops – swelling the number of U.S. forces in Afghanistan by nearly half – we were in danger of "mission failure."

Answer 165

popierać kogoś "Hillary **had Stan’s back** during the strategic review," says an adviser. "She said, ‘If Stan wants it, give him what he needs.’ "

Answer 166

inconceivable Although the government’s threat was unprecedented—and would have been almost **inconceivable** before the collapse of Bear Stearns in March 2008—Lewis argued against challenging Paulson and Bernanke.

Answer 167

brać (coś) na siebie These companies are also moving beyond just providing services for a fee; they are taking on project management and **shouldering** some of the financial risk in projects they are involved in.

Answer 168

to bail out Second, good first-half results will help to **bail Wall Street firms out**, as half of their accrued bonus pools can be taken back to cover second-half losses.

Answer 169

krótki; zwięzły; lakoniczny; oszczędny w słowach The remarks earned him a smackdown from the president himself, who summoned the general to a **terse** private meeting aboard Air Force One.

Answer 170

tani It has grown rapidly from a small maker of **cut-price** electronics into the world’s biggest supplier of telecoms gear.

Answer 171

pogarszać się With the shareholder vote nearing, and despite Merrill’s **deteriorating** finances, Bank of America’s executives and lawyers decided to move forward, with considerable "mixed emotions," according to one of them, as reported in The Wall Street Journal in February: "Everyone wanted to see the deal go through."

Answer 172

unseemly An **unseemly** squabble over jurisdiction in a bankruptcy case against two defunct Bear Stearns hedge funds probably didn't help to calm nerves.

Answer 173

constituent It is therefore impossible to describe such a machine in strict terms of its **constituent** parts.

Answer 174

to wane As that certainty **wanes**, the effects could be felt far beyond the chipmakers faced with new challenges and costs.

Answer 175

to lean on sb As McChrystal **leaned on** Obama to ramp up the war, he did it with the same fearlessness he used to track down terrorists in Iraq: Figure out how your enemy operates, be faster and more ruthless than everybody else, then take the fuckers out.

Answer 176

podtrzymywać coś He’s in France to sell his new war strategy to our NATO allies – to **keep up** the fiction, in essence, that we actually have allies.

Answer 177

rywalizować The price it sells for is high and the profits are rolling in. Exxon Mobil, with a market capitalisation of $417 billion, **vies** with Apple as the world’s most valuable listed company.

Answer 178

labirynt One of Google’s first projects was to cover Tokyo’s metro, which to strangers can be a bewildering **warren**, and the city’s two airports.

Answer 179

to overlook The supermajors also **overlooked** east Africa, where the independents Tullow, Anadarko and Ophir are in the driving seat.

Answer 180

oszołomić Customers can now access a **dizzying** array of software and hardware offered as unbundled, cloud-based services.

Answer 181

to seize up The stockmarket crash of 1987 and the **seizing up** of credit markets after Russia defaulted in 1998 both exposed huge flaws in the industry, forcing central banks to step in to prevent what they feared might be lasting damage to the real economy.

Answer 182

to dash Hopes that banks would be able to put the worst behind them in a single bad quarter have been **dashed**.

Answer 183

nieustępliwy, trudny do rozwiązania [problem] The old truth of counter-insurgency still holds: armies can win every battle, yet lose the will to fight an **intractable** war.

Answer 184

wściekły; wybuchowy Chips are caught up in an increasingly **bad-tempered** rivalry between America, the incumbent techno-superpower, and China, the aspiring one.

Answer 185

nierówny They are suffering from their decision to do less moving and more storing of assets: they hold a lot more illiquid, hard-to-value paper these days, and have more capital tied up in **lumpy** private-equity deals.

Answer 186

ostry; dziki; brutalny The biggest military operation of the year – a **ferocious** offensive that began in February to retake the southern town of Marja – continues to drag on, prompting McChrystal himself to refer to it as a "bleeding ulcer."

Answer 187

eye-watering Leading-edge fabs have become **eye-wateringly** pricey.

Answer 188

pociecha It is scant **consolation** to the thousands who have lost their jobs in finance, but the next generation wants to be better prepared.

Answer 189

bezczelny **Cheekily**, Mr Dell promises customers to be the "one throat to choke" in case things go awry.

Answer 190

dubious He has the **dubious** honour of being the first Wall Street boss to be forced out over losses stemming from the global credit crunch.

Answer 191

nieprzejrzysty Man Group has dealt with the difficulty by offering two sorts of hedge funds, he says: those that provide more transparency and lower returns, and those that are more **opaque**, focused and likely to give higher returns—for example Man Group's AHL Fund, a managed-futures fund that uses automated "black box" trading to invest in more than 100 futures markets across the world.

Answer 192

to plough Its tech giants are on board: Alibaba, Baidu and Huawei are **ploughing** money into making chips.

Answer 193

to thrust Two forces are now **thrusting** the semiconductor industry firmly into the spotlight. The first is geopolitics.

Answer 194

kontrolować sytuację Making chips even more high-tech could keep America **in the driving seat**.

Answer 195

niewyobrażalny Although the government’s threat was unprecedented—and would have been almost **inconceivable** before the collapse of Bear Stearns in March 2008—Lewis argued against challenging Paulson and Bernanke.

Answer 196

to square Exxon’s investments in Central Asia, and its own recent joint venture with Rosneft, are hard **to square** with the company’s well-honed modus operandi of aversion to risk coupled with a brutal pursuit of return on capital employed.

Answer 197

przydatność; użyteczność This evident **utility** started an international competition to build one that was, for many years, confined to quiet labs and the academic literature.

Answer 198

utrudniać One key question now is whether Russia will help or **hinder** efforts to prevent flare-ups between extremist Serbs and Kosovars.

Answer 199

to understate If anything, these raw numbers **understate** the importance of chipmaking.

Answer 200

stresować; dokuczać; zawracać głowę Shareholders will gather on December 11th in Round Rock, Texas, at Dell’s unpretentious headquarters, to vote on a complex proposal that would allow the firm to pull off something resembling a reverse merger (the acquisition of a listed firm by a privately held one that is keen to go public without the **hassle** of a conventional initial public offering).

Answer 201

intermediate This is part of what one analyst, Deutsche Bank's Mike Mayo, calls "dis-**disintermediation**": the return of more traditional forms of finance, to the benefit of universal banks like Citigroup.

Answer 202

wepchnąć He clicks on the message and reads the salutation out loud, then **stuffs** the BlackBerry back in his pocket, not bothering to conceal his annoyance.

Answer 203

to reckon with The public cloud promoted by Amazon and Microsoft will remain a force to **reckon with**.

Answer 204

funnel Officials have kept up a drumbeat of warnings about the risks of using equipment made in China, for fear that it may be **funnelling** sensitive information homeward.

Answer 205

to follow suit Although the place has been under UN administration for eight years, Russia has argued that a self-declared independent Kosovo will prompt other breakaway regions, such as Abkhazia in Georgia and Transdniestria in Moldova (where Russia still has some troops) **to follow suit**.

Answer 206

heartland Silicon valley, the **heartland** of America’s technology industry, takes its name from the chemical element that is the most important ingredient in microchips.

Answer 207

to hassle Shareholders will gather on December 11th in Round Rock, Texas, at Dell’s unpretentious headquarters, to vote on a complex proposal that would allow the firm to pull off something resembling a reverse merger (the acquisition of a listed firm by a privately held one that is keen to go public without the **hassle** of a conventional initial public offering).

Answer 208

to stem Exactly 100 years ago the undisputed patriarch of the modern industry, J. Pierpont Morgan, **stemmed** the Panic of 1907, a financial crisis caused by unregulated trusts (the hedge funds of their day).

Answer 209

to discard BP’s protracted and ham-fisted attempts **to discard** its Russian partners, TNK-BP, in favour of another liaison in Russia with Rosneft also suggested a firm desperate for new sources of growth, however risky, rather than the steady income that TNK-BP brought.

Answer 210

z większym lub mniejszym Regional stability could be jeopardised, with Russia backing the rejectionist Serbs and America and the European Union **with varying degrees of** enthusiasm supporting the Kosovars.

Answer 211

dofinansować Second, good first-half results will help to **bail Wall Street firms out**, as half of their accrued bonus pools can be taken back to cover second-half losses.

Answer 212

to be out of favour Worse, some of Wall Street's most lucrative recent creations, such as conduits and CDOs, **are suddenly out of favour**.

Answer 213

z zapartym tchem Investors are waiting **with bated breath** for Wall Street firms' third-quarter results, beginning in the second week of September.

Answer 214

zajmować się [czymś]; rozpatrywać It has projects **looking into** optical computing, which aims to build chips that run on light rather than electricity; spintronic transistors, which rely on quantum effects to function; and approximate computing, which sacrifices precision in calculations to save energy.

Answer 215

to lambast Having already been **lambasted** for fiddling while investment banks burned, the commission is now likelier than ever to be restructured, or perhaps even dismantled, in the regulatory overhaul expected under Barack Obama.

Answer 216

powstający, rodzący się Yet another is to diffuse computer power rather than concentrating it, spreading the ability to calculate and communicate across an ever greater range of everyday objects in the **nascent** internet of things.

Answer 217

zobowiązanie Two boom-era phenomena, "**covenant**-lite" debt and "payment in kind" loans, also helped.

Answer 218

opaque Man Group has dealt with the difficulty by offering two sorts of hedge funds, he says: those that provide more transparency and lower returns, and those that are more **opaque**, focused and likely to give higher returns—for example Man Group's AHL Fund, a managed-futures fund that uses automated "black box" trading to invest in more than 100 futures markets across the world.

Answer 219

warren One of Google’s first projects was to cover Tokyo’s metro, which to strangers can be a bewildering **warren**, and the city’s two airports.

Answer 220

to tangle As a consequence both of its success and its ambitions, it sits at the heart of a **tangled** web of Western worries about national security and China’s economic clout.

Answer 221

button-down shirt Dressed in off-the-rack civilian casual – blue tie, **button-down** shirt, dress slacks – McChrystal is way out of his comfort zone.

Answer 222

staroświecki In the early years of this decade, when banks did **quaint** things like making money, the mantra on Wall Street was: "Be more like Goldman Sachs".

Answer 223

to disperse The expertise that used to be particular to the supermajors and their predecessors is ever more **dispersed** and available.

Answer 224

shrewd Exxon, always the **shrewd**est oil company, cottoned on the fastest and acquired XTO, an American shale firm, for $41 billion in 2009.

Answer 225

tight-knit The assembled men may look and sound like a bunch of combat veterans letting off steam, but in fact this **tight-knit** group represents the most powerful force shaping U.S. policy in Afghanistan.

Answer 226

viable But there is more work to be done before tunnelling transistors become **viable**, says Greg Yeric of ARM, a British designer of microchips: for now they do not yet switch on and off quickly enough to allow them to be used for fast chips.

Answer 227

ill-timed Mr O'Neal presided over an **ill-timed** rush into businesses that are now causing no end of trouble.

Answer 228

czołówka The result has been consolidation at the **forefront** of chipmaking.

Answer 229

zawiły; skomplikowany; złożony Still, it has other things in its favour: a powerful search engine, the brains of 33,000 Googlers, and the determination to map the world in the most **intricate** detail

Answer 230

godzić (coś z czymś) Exxon’s investments in Central Asia, and its own recent joint venture with Rosneft, are hard **to square** with the company’s well-honed modus operandi of aversion to risk coupled with a brutal pursuit of return on capital employed.

Answer 231

slate His **slate**-blue eyes have the unsettling ability to drill down when they lock on you.

Answer 232

distress Several companies have technically defaulted but restructured behind closed doors. TXU, Caesars, Clear Channel and Freescale did "**distress**ed exchanges", in which creditors accept losses in return for new debt.

Answer 233

od samego początku Even though he had voted for Obama, McChrystal and his new commander in chief failed **from the outset** to connect.

Answer 234

bad-tempered Chips are caught up in an increasingly **bad-tempered** rivalry between America, the incumbent techno-superpower, and China, the aspiring one.

Answer 235

nie powieść się Cheekily, Mr Dell promises customers to be the "one throat to choke" in case things **go awry**.

Answer 236

to have the jitters Worries about more such losses have made markets **jittery**.

Answer 237

to mollify For Huawei, British scrutiny has come to serve as a badge of trustworthiness that helps it **mollify** concerns elsewhere.

Answer 238

dobry; sprzyjający; obiecujący Moreover, China’s bid to become a global semiconductor powerhouse is **propitiously** timed.

Answer 239

to perpetuate "The entire COIN strategy is a fraud **perpetuated** on the American people," says Douglas Macgregor, a retired colonel and leading critic of counterinsurgency who attended West Point with McChrystal.

Answer 240

złożony, skomplikowany The debate over how to value **elaborate** securities, less pressing in good times, is now taking centre stage.

Answer 241

zmierzyć, ocenić The banks' ability to cope with liquidity crises and credit crunches is harder to **gauge**.

Answer 242

nifty Most of the attention it now attracts is directed at companies such as Facebook, Google and Apple, which are better known for their software and **nifty** devices rather than the chips that make them work.

Answer 243

to have a vested interest Investment bankers themselves **have a vested interest** in not blowing up their firms.

Answer 244

sleight-of-hand The scheme to sell more than half of the asset-management division while retaining more than half of its profit smacks of **sleight-of-hand**.

Answer 245

tu: osiągać wartość; inne:przynosić Other commodities **fetch** roughly the same price the world over, but gas has no global price.

Answer 246

istotny He had a **material** knowledge of a material event in the middle of a shareholder vote.

Answer 247

tellingly **Tellingly**, JPMorgan's shares rose sharply the day after the takeover, even as other financials tumbled.

Answer 248

dynamiczny; szybki; energiczny Travis Kalanick, the company’s chief executive, says demand was **brisk** but blames the city’s taxi regulator for a shortage of cabs (160 drivers took part).

Answer 249

to be in the driving seat Making chips even more high-tech could keep America **in the driving seat**.

Answer 250

fixture As a Wall Street **fixture**, Mr Madoff was close to several SEC officials.

Answer 251

to fiddle Having already been lambasted for **fiddling** while investment banks burned, the commission is now likelier than ever to be restructured, or perhaps even dismantled, in the regulatory overhaul expected under Barack Obama.

Answer 252

płyta; blat; deska The difference between the 4004 and the Skylake is the difference between computer behemoths that occupy whole basements and stylish little **slab**s 100,000 times more powerful that slip into a pocket.

Answer 253

punkt widzenia "From an economic **standpoint**, Moore’s law is over," says Linley Gwennap, who runs the Linley Group, a firm of Silicon Valley analysts.

Answer 254

pozytywny trend, pozytywne sprzężenie zwrotne The demise of this **virtuous circle** has been predicted many times.

Answer 255

enduring Is it now **enduring** winter in relations with Russia?

Answer 256

weary Many European countries are **weary** of the war, America is growing tired of reluctant allies and Afghans are becoming disenchanted.

Answer 257

hamować This diplomatic incoherence has effectively allowed McChrystal’s team to call the shots and **hampered** efforts to build a stable and credible government in Afghanistan.

Answer 258

opóźnienie Its super-fast chip, which enjoys very low **latency** (the time it takes for data to get to their destination), is ideal for use in AVS.

Answer 259

udoskonalić But it was in the Valley in the 1950s and 1960s where inventions like the transistor and the integrated circuit were **refined**, helping to transform computers from unreliable machines the size of a room into dependable devices that fit neatly into pockets.

Answer 260

to hinder One key question now is whether Russia will help or **hinder** efforts to prevent flare-ups between extremist Serbs and Kosovars.

Answer 261

strain Another fighting season beckons in Afghanistan, and the **strain** is beginning to tell.

Answer 262

zablokować; udaremnić; pokrzyżować plany; unicestwić It has **thwarted** acquisitions of American companies by Chinese firms.

Answer 263

to envisage A computer big enough to do what Dr Shor **envisaged** would also be useful for all manner of currently intractable problems.

Answer 264

to look into It has projects **looking into** optical computing, which aims to build chips that run on light rather than electricity; spintronic transistors, which rely on quantum effects to function; and approximate computing, which sacrifices precision in calculations to save energy.

Answer 265

kryzys The banks' ability to cope with liquidity **crises** and credit crunches is harder to gauge.

Answer 266

slump Its shares **slump**ed this week on unsubstantiated rumours that it faced big losses in asset-backed commercial paper.

Answer 267

bid Moreover, China’s **bid** to become a global semiconductor powerhouse is propitiously timed.

Answer 268

seamlessly A good example is Dell’s crown jewel: vmware, a pioneer in virtualisation software, which allows software to run on multiple machines **seamlessly**.

Answer 269

intricate Still, it has other things in its favour: a powerful search engine, the brains of 33,000 Googlers, and the determination to map the world in the most **intricate** detail

Answer 270

across These are then sliced into standard-sized wafers, 300mm **across**, and sent to a chip factory, or "fab", perhaps in Taiwan or South Korea.

Answer 271

trwały Is it now **enduring** winter in relations with Russia?

Answer 272

growth spurt Others worry that his firm’s recent **growth spurt** may be unsustainable, and question how long it will take for him to return the firm to profitability.

Answer 273

to hone Exxon’s investments in Central Asia, and its own recent joint venture with Rosneft, are hard to square with the company’s well-**honed** modus operandi of aversion to risk coupled with a brutal pursuit of return on capital employed.

Answer 274

to pit sombady against somebody For the general, it was a crash course in Beltway politics – a battle that **pitted him against** experienced Washington insiders like Vice President Biden, who argued that a prolonged counterinsurgency campaign in Afghanistan would plunge America into a military quagmire without weakening international terrorist networks.

Answer 275

sanguine At this time Lewis struck the deal with Thain, in September, he was plenty **sanguine** about Merrill’s financial prospects—and boasted about them publicly.

Answer 276

travail It will be an unhappy thought to many, but BP’s **travails** in the wake of the Gulf of Mexico disaster may be guide to the supermajors’ future.

Answer 277

czynić postępy It has already **made inroads** at the lower end of the market. Firms such as Samsung, Intel, Apple and Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (tsmc) design or make powerful, expensive chips for smartphones or cloud computing.

Answer 278

to refine But it was in the Valley in the 1950s and 1960s where inventions like the transistor and the integrated circuit were **refined**, helping to transform computers from unreliable machines the size of a room into dependable devices that fit neatly into pockets.

Answer 279

impas Yet Russia's public support for the Serbs also masks differences with them: a recent 14-point proposal from the troika of the EU, Russia and America to break the **deadlock** included several Russian ideas, but it was rejected flatly by the Serbs.

Answer 280

ostro skrytykować Having already been **lambasted** for fiddling while investment banks burned, the commission is now likelier than ever to be restructured, or perhaps even dismantled, in the regulatory overhaul expected under Barack Obama.

Answer 281

harować Double, double, **toil** and trouble

Answer 282

świetny, zgrabny, staranny It is a **neat** hypothesis, but is it true?

Answer 283

to coax Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group (MUFG), a giant Japanese bank, will buy up to 20% of Morgan. Goldman has gone one better, **coaxing** $5 billion from Warren Buffett.

Answer 284

przeoczyć; nie zauważać; nie dostrzegać The supermajors also **overlooked** east Africa, where the independents Tullow, Anadarko and Ophir are in the driving seat.

Answer 285

przyczółek In continental Europe traded gas markets are gaining a **foothold**, but most gas is delivered through pipelines and sold on long-term contracts linked to the price of oil, for which it used to be seen as a substitute.

Answer 286

intractable The old truth of counter-insurgency still holds: armies can win every battle, yet lose the will to fight an **intractable** war.

Answer 287

przewidywać; wyobrażać sobie A computer big enough to do what Dr Shor **envisaged** would also be useful for all manner of currently intractable problems.

Answer 288

nieuchwytny In such a fight against a weaker but **elusive** enemy, says Kipling, "the odds are on the cheaper man".

Answer 289

bałagan On December 16th the head of the Securities Investor Protection Corporation, which is recovering what it can for investors, said the multiple sets of accounts kept by the 70-year-old were in "complete **disarray**" and could take six months to sort out.On December 16th the head of the Securities Investor Protection Corporation, which is recovering what it can for investors, said the multiple sets of accounts kept by the 70-year-old were in "complete disarray" and could take six months to sort out.

Answer 290

in conjunction with A similar lab was opened in Germany, **in conjunction with** the government’s cyber-security agency, in November.

Answer 291

odnieść sukces At the same time, some see benefits in a less predictable world that gives all sorts of new computing technologies an opportunity to **come into their own**.

Answer 292

wleć się z tyłu And despite its rapid rise in recent years, it will still **lag** oil as a source of energy by 2035, according to the International Energy Agency (IEA), a rich-world energy club—and overtake coal by then only if the new gas reserves are fully exploited.

Answer 293

ambiguous It was not an easy call, given the high stakes and the plenty **ambiguous** wording of the clause, which expressly excluded, as reasons to void the contract, changes in "general business, economic or market conditions."

Answer 294

to defile A ray of light in the dark **defile**

Answer 295

nieodłączny Whereas electronics uses the charge of an electron to represent information, spintronics uses "spin", another **intrinsic** property of electrons that is related to the concept of rotational energy an object possesses.

Answer 296

profanować A ray of light in the dark **defile**

Answer 297

niejednoznaczny It was not an easy call, given the high stakes and the plenty **ambiguous** wording of the clause, which expressly excluded, as reasons to void the contract, changes in "general business, economic or market conditions."

Answer 298

pretension China’s **pretensions** to being a superpower will look hollow as long as America can throttle its firms at will.

Answer 299

próba, oferta Moreover, China’s **bid** to become a global semiconductor powerhouse is propitiously timed.

Answer 300

rozpraszać się The expertise that used to be particular to the supermajors and their predecessors is ever more **dispersed** and available.

Answer 301

disarray On December 16th the head of the Securities Investor Protection Corporation, which is recovering what it can for investors, said the multiple sets of accounts kept by the 70-year-old were in "complete **disarray**" and could take six months to sort out.On December 16th the head of the Securities Investor Protection Corporation, which is recovering what it can for investors, said the multiple sets of accounts kept by the 70-year-old were in "complete disarray" and could take six months to sort out.

Answer 302

powtarzać, zwielokratniać Chipmakers are spending billions on new designs and materials that may make transistors amenable to a bit more shrinkage and allow another few turns of the exponential **crank**.

Answer 303

to mull It has imposed export controls that affect on Fujian Jinhua, another Chinese firm accused of stealing secrets, and the White House is **mulling** broader bans on emerging technologies.

Answer 304

złe przeczucie Measured by assets, Bear is not that big. But with positions in credit-default and interest-rate swaps worth a notional $10 trillion, the idea of its sudden collapse was chilling—and nobody wanted to put that **foreboding** to the test.

Answer 305

utility This evident **utility** started an international competition to build one that was, for many years, confined to quiet labs and the academic literature.

Answer 306

flatly Yet Russia's public support for the Serbs also masks differences with them: a recent 14-point proposal from the troika of the EU, Russia and America to break the deadlock included several Russian ideas, but it was rejected **flatly** by the Serbs.

Answer 307

to set out (to do sth) When Barack Obama entered the Oval Office, he immediately **set out** to deliver on his most important campaign promise on foreign policy: to refocus the war in Afghanistan on what led us to invade in the first place.

Answer 308

to outlast And whatever Messrs Trump and Xi say at the g20, this conflict will **outlast** them both.

Answer 309

with bated breath Investors are waiting **with bated breath** for Wall Street firms' third-quarter results, beginning in the second week of September.

Answer 310

wprawdzie, co prawda But some industry observers suggest the activism and other high-profile tactics—**admittedly**, still practised by only a small fraction of hedge funds—are evidence that the industry has become more mainstream.

Answer 311

bagażnik The answer is edge computing, which allows the car to have a lot of computing power in the **boot**.

Answer 312

cut-price It has grown rapidly from a small maker of **cut-price** electronics into the world’s biggest supplier of telecoms gear.

Answer 313

to blow the whistle on sb Regulation of financial firms’ accountants may also need tightening. And more could be done to encourage **whistle-blowing**.

Answer 314

to see off After **seeing off** a late bid by CSN, a Brazilian steel firm, Tata Steel ended up paying £6.7 billion ($13 billion at the time) for Corus, an inconceivable price before Mr Varin’s arrival.

Answer 315

deadlock Yet Russia's public support for the Serbs also masks differences with them: a recent 14-point proposal from the troika of the EU, Russia and America to break the **deadlock** included several Russian ideas, but it was rejected flatly by the Serbs.

Answer 316

to encounter The general first **encountered** Obama a week after he took office, when the president met with a dozen senior military officials in a room at the Pentagon known as the Tank.

Answer 317

sprytny; błyskotliwy Exxon, always the **shrewd**est oil company, cottoned on the fastest and acquired XTO, an American shale firm, for $41 billion in 2009.

Answer 318

niepokój The **disquiet** over liquidity is exacerbated by the fact that investment banks—which usually package securities and sell them—have increasingly stuffed their vaults with illiquid assets, such as private-equity investments, "hung" bridge loans (ie, those that are not as temporary as had been hoped), and rarely traded derivatives.

Answer 319

naciskać na kogoś; przycisnąć kogoś As McChrystal **leaned on** Obama to ramp up the war, he did it with the same fearlessness he used to track down terrorists in Iraq: Figure out how your enemy operates, be faster and more ruthless than everybody else, then take the fuckers out.

Answer 320

to throttle China’s pretensions to being a superpower will look hollow as long as America can **throttle** its firms at will.

Answer 321

to get hold of Since Dell **got hold of** most of VMware through the EMC acquisition, investors have been able to own a piece of Dell itself through DVMT, a special tracking stock that is meant to reflect Dell’s ownership stake in VMware.

Answer 322

optymistyczny At this time Lewis struck the deal with Thain, in September, he was plenty **sanguine** about Merrill’s financial prospects—and boasted about them publicly.

Answer 323

lumpy They are suffering from their decision to do less moving and more storing of assets: they hold a lot more illiquid, hard-to-value paper these days, and have more capital tied up in **lumpy** private-equity deals.

Answer 324

to catch up Well before Mr Trump arrived on the scene, China made plain its intention to **catch up**.

Answer 325

poprzedni On 16 days during the quarter its trading losses exceeded the worst forecast by its value-at-risk model on the **preceding** day

Answer 326

the jig is up But now the computer industry is increasingly aware that **the jig will soon be up**.

Answer 327

strand The right approach for America, therefore, has three **strands**. The first is to work with its allies in Europe and Asia to keep pushing back against unfair Chinese practices (such as forced tech transfer and intellectual-property theft) at the World Trade Organisation, and to screen out inward Chinese investments when security justifies it.

Answer 328

zagrażać; narażać na szwank; narażać na niebezpieczeństwo "It **jeopardizes** the mission," says Stephen Biddle, a senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations who supports McChrystal.

Answer 329

tellingly, … **Tellingly**, while executives at other financial firms piled into their own shares in August, believing them oversold, there was scant buying among investment bankers.

Answer 330

to balloon According to Fitch, a rating agency, such assets at the top five Wall Street banks **ballooned** from $144 billion in 2004 to $229 billion at the end of the second quarter of this year, up 59%.

Answer 331

brass According to sources familiar with the meeting, McChrystal thought Obama looked "uncomfortable and intimidated" by the roomful of military **brass**.

Answer 332

with varying degrees of Regional stability could be jeopardised, with Russia backing the rejectionist Serbs and America and the European Union **with varying degrees of** enthusiasm supporting the Kosovars.

Answer 333

tu: obalić, zmusić do ustąpienia The Runaway General: The Profile That **Brought Down** McChrystal

Answer 334

hopeful Huawei was one of hundreds of private **hopeful**s that rose from Shenzhen, a capitalist hub.

Answer 335

olśniewający The pace has picked up at the start of 2006—the index was up 3.23% in January, the strongest monthly performance since August 2000—but overall returns are unlikely to be **stunning**.

Answer 336

to fetch That was the amount, per share, that Bear had **fetched** in a fire sale to JPMorgan Chase a day earlier, when the Federal Reserve was rushing to secure a deal before the markets opened on Monday.

Answer 337

rozpalić; pobudzić; podniecić As a result of both ongoing investment and accounting charges related to the purchase of emc, Dell continues to make losses but its growth engine is at last **fired up**.

Answer 338

to offload With any luck they will already have **offloaded** their companies onto the public market by then.

Answer 339

lanie; konfrontacja; upokorzająca porażka The remarks earned him a **smackdown** from the president himself, who summoned the general to a terse private meeting aboard Air Force One.

Answer 340

smackdown The remarks earned him a **smackdown** from the president himself, who summoned the general to a terse private meeting aboard Air Force One.

Answer 341

inexorably The forecasts of future demand used by the supermajors show oil sales rising **inexorably** as more cars hit the roads, more trade crosses the oceans and more aircraft take to the skies.

Answer 342

plątać As a consequence both of its success and its ambitions, it sits at the heart of a **tangled** web of Western worries about national security and China’s economic clout.

Answer 343

stracić zwolenników Worse, some of Wall Street's most lucrative recent creations, such as conduits and CDOs, **are suddenly out of favour**.

Answer 344

utrwalić "The entire COIN strategy is a fraud **perpetuated** on the American people," says Douglas Macgregor, a retired colonel and leading critic of counterinsurgency who attended West Point with McChrystal.

Answer 345

pożegnać After **seeing off** a late bid by CSN, a Brazilian steel firm, Tata Steel ended up paying £6.7 billion ($13 billion at the time) for Corus, an inconceivable price before Mr Varin’s arrival.

Answer 346

dire The now-infamous report was leaked to the press, and its conclusion was **dire**: If we didn’t send another 40,000 troops – swelling the number of U.S. forces in Afghanistan by nearly half – we were in danger of "mission failure."

Answer 347

elaborate The debate over how to value **elaborate** securities, less pressing in good times, is now taking centre stage.

Answer 348

wprawić w zakłopotanie The transistors on the Skylake chips Intel makes today would **flummox** any such inspection.

Answer 349

pogorszyć; pogarszać; zaostrzać (problem) But the rapid growth of emerging markets also **exacerbated** a half-century-long trend for power over that oil to shift to the countries where it is

Answer 350

to come into one's own At the same time, some see benefits in a less predictable world that gives all sorts of new computing technologies an opportunity to **come into their own**.

Answer 351

wymowne jest to, że … **Tellingly**, while executives at other financial firms piled into their own shares in August, believing them oversold, there was scant buying among investment bankers.

Answer 352

bluntly And it would be a **bluntly** antagonistic act, which would make no distinction between unfair and genuine competition.

Answer 353

zawrotny Moore’s law provided an unprecedented combination of **blistering** progress and certainty about the near future.

Answer 354

brash The general prides himself on being sharper and ballsier than anyone else, but his **brashness** comes with a price: Although McChrystal has been in charge of the war for only a year, in that short time he has managed to piss off almost everyone with a stake in the conflict.

Answer 355

incursion America has not welcomed China’s **incursion** onto its patch.

Answer 356

strike out on (one's) own Governments too are putting money into academic efforts, both directly and via defence contractors, and a growing band of startup companies are **striking out on their own**.

Answer 357

beleaguered Now that there is a precedent, it will be harder for other **beleaguered** bosses, such as Citigroup’s Chuck Prince and Bear Stearns’s James Cayne, to skirt responsibility if there are further slip-ups.

Answer 358

kuriozalny, przekorny; przewrotny Typically they do not invest more than 10% of a fund in any one deal, so diversification helped. So did **perverse**"deal" fees.

Answer 359

zamieszkać Still, if it came down to it, battling a lawsuit would be better than trying **to inhabit** a house aflame.

Answer 360

gwałtowny wzrost, przyspieszenie wzrostu Others worry that his firm’s recent **growth spurt** may be unsustainable, and question how long it will take for him to return the firm to profitability.

Answer 361

odkryć; rozwikłać [zagadkę] Superpower politics may start to **unravel** it

Answer 362

naysayer Mr Dell is confident that his bets will pay off. He notes that a public listing would "absolutely give us an acquisition currency," one that he intends to put to use as Dell shoots toward $100bn in annual revenues. He has managed to defy **naysayers** in the past.

Answer 363

pod obstrzałem [criticized] Now that there is a precedent, it will be harder for other **beleaguered** bosses, such as Citigroup’s Chuck Prince and Bear Stearns’s James Cayne, to skirt responsibility if there are further slip-ups.

Answer 364

boot The answer is edge computing, which allows the car to have a lot of computing power in the **boot**.

Answer 365

tu: osiągnąć wynik The largest leveraged buy-outs **fared** better than the doomsayers predicted. But private-equity firms have no right to boast.

Answer 366

prowess Bank bosses peered enviously at the profits and risk-taking **prowess** of the venerable investment bank.

Answer 367

ulcer The biggest military operation of the year – a ferocious offensive that began in February to retake the southern town of Marja – continues to drag on, prompting McChrystal himself to refer to it as a "bleeding **ulcer**."

Answer 368

to go awry Cheekily, Mr Dell promises customers to be the "one throat to choke" in case things **go awry**.

Answer 369

tu: niekontrolowalny; wymykający się spod kontroli The **Runaway** General: The Profile That Brought Down McChrystal

Answer 370

rozpocząć działalność na własną rękę Governments too are putting money into academic efforts, both directly and via defence contractors, and a growing band of startup companies are **striking out on their own**.

Answer 371

malaise The big question is whether the current mood is temporary, as investors digest their high-yield excesses, or whether the sickness will prove a more lasting **malaise**.

Answer 372

podlegający czemuś, podatny na coś Chipmakers are spending billions on new designs and materials that may make transistors **amenable to** a bit more shrinkage and allow another few turns of the exponential crank.

Answer 373

nieubłaganie The forecasts of future demand used by the supermajors show oil sales rising **inexorably** as more cars hit the roads, more trade crosses the oceans and more aircraft take to the skies.

Answer 374

pesymista, krytykant Mr Dell is confident that his bets will pay off. He notes that a public listing would "absolutely give us an acquisition currency," one that he intends to put to use as Dell shoots toward $100bn in annual revenues. He has managed to defy **naysayers** in the past.

Answer 375

to bewilder Dizzying—but also **bewildering**. The typical chief technology officer (cto) of a big firm, under pressure to take advantage of every computing advance from data-analytics to artificial intelligence to the internet of things (iot), is faced with a mish-mash of information-technology options.

Answer 376

to exacerbate The disquiet over liquidity is **exacerbate**d by the fact that investment banks—which usually package securities and sell them—have increasingly stuffed their vaults with illiquid assets, such as private-equity investments, "hung" bridge loans (ie, those that are not as temporary as had been hoped), and rarely traded derivatives.

Answer 377

bolesny, nieprzyjemny Leading-edge fabs have become **eye-wateringly** pricey.

Answer 378

wyraźny, wyrazisty This trend is most **pronounced** in Japan and, to a lesser extent, pockets of continental Europe.

Answer 379

odwet; zemsta; rewanż China has toughened up in **retaliation**. A planned takeover by Qualcomm, an American firm that designs chips, of nxp, a Dutch one, was abandoned in 2018 after heel-dragging by competition regulators in Beijing.

Answer 380

w połączeniu z A similar lab was opened in Germany, **in conjunction with** the government’s cyber-security agency, in November.

Answer 381

kiepskie samopoczucie, dyskomfort, zła kondycja (np. finansowa) The big question is whether the current mood is temporary, as investors digest their high-yield excesses, or whether the sickness will prove a more lasting **malaise**.

Answer 382

preceding On 16 days during the quarter its trading losses exceeded the worst forecast by its value-at-risk model on the **preceding** day

Answer 383

turmoil Stockmarket investors come in all shapes and sizes, but in the current **turmoil** they agree on one thing: if in doubt about a financial firm, shoot first and ask questions later.

Answer 384

być zdecydowanym na coś But at times, Mr Putin seems **bent on** proving only that Russia is again able to say nyet.

Answer 385

stunning The pace has picked up at the start of 2006—the index was up 3.23% in January, the strongest monthly performance since August 2000—but overall returns are unlikely to be **stunning**.

Answer 386

slab The difference between the 4004 and the Skylake is the difference between computer behemoths that occupy whole basements and stylish little **slab**s 100,000 times more powerful that slip into a pocket.

Answer 387

to preoccupy Farmers and factories **preoccupy** the president. And his personal chemistry with other powerful men can make or break deals.

Answer 388

ulegać; ustępować The city council proposed a minimum charge for Uber that was five times the price of a taxi, but **relented** after the company organised a brisk social-media campaign.

Answer 389

rally The next day its share price, which had plunged by over a third in recent weeks, **rallied** 5%.

Answer 390

zdobyć Since Dell **got hold of** most of VMware through the EMC acquisition, investors have been able to own a piece of Dell itself through DVMT, a special tracking stock that is meant to reflect Dell’s ownership stake in VMware.

Answer 391

tu: odprawić Then, unable to help themselves, he and his staff imagine the general **dismissing** the vice president with a good one-liner.

Answer 392

to eke out New sorts of transistors can **eke out** a few more iterations of Moore’s law, but they will get increasingly expensive.

Answer 393

znużony Many European countries are **weary** of the war, America is growing tired of reluctant allies and Afghans are becoming disenchanted.

Answer 394

bagatelizować If anything, these raw numbers **understate** the importance of chipmaking.

Answer 395

wrzawa, podniecenie Stockmarket investors come in all shapes and sizes, but in the current **turmoil** they agree on one thing: if in doubt about a financial firm, shoot first and ask questions later.

Answer 396

demise The **demise** of this virtuous circle has been predicted many times.

Answer 397

disenchanted Many European countries are weary of the war, America is growing tired of reluctant allies and Afghans are becoming **disenchanted**.

Answer 398

unsubstantiated Its shares slumped this week on **unsubstantiated** rumours that it faced big losses in asset-backed commercial paper.

Answer 399

opuszczony "**stranded** gas", too far from its markets to go down a pipe, can be turned into a liquid by cooling it to -162°C, shipped in specialist tankers and turned back into gas at its destination.

Answer 400

fry In the 1990s, when the oil price dipped, a round of mergers turned the "seven sisters" of the 1950s—BP, Esso, Gulf Oil, Mobil, Royal Dutch Shell, SoCal and Texaco—their descendants and some smaller **fry** into this new set of "supermajors".

Answer 401

ballsy The general prides himself on being sharper and **ballsier** than anyone else, but his brashness comes with a price: Although McChrystal has been in charge of the war for only a year, in that short time he has managed to piss off almost everyone with a stake in the conflict.

Answer 402

być żywotnie zainteresowanym Investment bankers themselves **have a vested interest** in not blowing up their firms.

Answer 403

powstrzymać Exactly 100 years ago the undisputed patriarch of the modern industry, J. Pierpont Morgan, **stemmed** the Panic of 1907, a financial crisis caused by unregulated trusts (the hedge funds of their day).

Answer 404

to tame Being publicly traded companies has **tamed** some egos, too.

Answer 405

niewzykle; nadzwyczajnie Dr Shor showed that a quantum computer would be capable of working out the prime numbers that, multiplied together, make up an **exceedingly** large number.

Answer 406

to be on par with HiSilicon’s "Kirin" series of smartphone chips **is on a par with** anything Western companies can design.

Answer 407

cheeky **Cheekily**, Mr Dell promises customers to be the "one throat to choke" in case things go awry.

Answer 408

to thwart It has **thwarted** acquisitions of American companies by Chinese firms.

Answer 409

średnioterminowy This is part of what one analyst, Deutsche Bank's Mike Mayo, calls "dis-**disintermediation**": the return of more traditional forms of finance, to the benefit of universal banks like Citigroup.

Answer 410

to toil Double, double, **toil** and trouble

Answer 411

niewesoły, smutny Today, as McChrystal gears up for an offensive in southern Afghanistan, the prospects for any kind of success look **bleak**.

Answer 412

inflection point "The end of Moore’s law could be an **inflection point**," says Microsoft’s Dr Lee.

Answer 413

bleak Today, as McChrystal gears up for an offensive in southern Afghanistan, the prospects for any kind of success look **bleak**.

Answer 414

dominujący; wszechobecny And the third is to prepare for a world in which Chinese chips are more powerful and **pervasive**.

Answer 415

sprzedać się That was the amount, per share, that Bear had **fetched** in a fire sale to JPMorgan Chase a day earlier, when the Federal Reserve was rushing to secure a deal before the markets opened on Monday.

Answer 416

szykować się Today, as McChrystal **gears up** for an offensive in southern Afghanistan, the prospects for any kind of success look bleak.

Answer 417

rozczarowany Many European countries are weary of the war, America is growing tired of reluctant allies and Afghans are becoming **disenchanted**.

Answer 418

opacity Investment banks are now paying for that **opacity**, even though their management of risk has improved since the last credit crisis in 1998.

Answer 419

leading-edge **Leading-edge** fabs have become eye-wateringly pricey.

Answer 420

venerable Bank bosses peered enviously at the profits and risk-taking prowess of the **venerable** investment bank.

Answer 421

back-end With its plan to dominate the market for the **back-end** kit necessary for telecom firms to offer "fifth-generation" (5g) mobile-phone networks, Huawei is a key part of the "Made in China 2025" initiative to create leaders in cutting-edge industries.

Answer 422

to be bent on sth But at times, Mr Putin seems **bent on** proving only that Russia is again able to say nyet.

Answer 423

sprytny; zmyślny Most of the attention it now attracts is directed at companies such as Facebook, Google and Apple, which are better known for their software and **nifty** devices rather than the chips that make them work.

Answer 424

to crank Chipmakers are spending billions on new designs and materials that may make transistors amenable to a bit more shrinkage and allow another few turns of the exponential **crank**.

Answer 425

to ignite They were probably methane gas seeping out of the ground, **ignited** by lightning.

Answer 426

zżyty, zintegrowany The assembled men may look and sound like a bunch of combat veterans letting off steam, but in fact this **tight-knit** group represents the most powerful force shaping U.S. policy in Afghanistan.

Answer 427

zdławić Being publicly traded companies has **tamed** some egos, too.

Answer 428

to flummox The transistors on the Skylake chips Intel makes today would **flummox** any such inspection.

Answer 429

array Customers can now access a dizzying **array** of software and hardware offered as unbundled, cloud-based services.

Answer 430

dorm The billionaire founded Dell in his college **dorm** room at the University of Texas in 1984 and by the age of 27 he became the youngest-ever boss of a Fortune 500 company (Mark Zuckerberg was nearly 29 when Facebook first made the list, in 2013).

Answer 431

ciemnoszary (kolor) His **slate**-blue eyes have the unsettling ability to drill down when they lock on you.

Answer 432

izolować; ocieplić The silicon from which these switches are made is a semiconductor, meaning that its electrical properties are halfway between those of a conductor (in which current can flow easily) and an **insulator** (in which it cannot).

Answer 433

należności, długi UBS reckons that brokers today use short-term **liabilities** for just a fifth of their funding, down from well over 50% a decade ago.

Answer 434

kombinować, majstrować Having already been lambasted for **fiddling** while investment banks burned, the commission is now likelier than ever to be restructured, or perhaps even dismantled, in the regulatory overhaul expected under Barack Obama.

Answer 435

retaliation China has toughened up in **retaliation**. A planned takeover by Qualcomm, an American firm that designs chips, of nxp, a Dutch one, was abandoned in 2018 after heel-dragging by competition regulators in Beijing.

Answer 436

najazd; wtargnięcie America has not welcomed China’s **incursion** onto its patch.

Answer 437

ból, cierpienie, rozpacz Several companies have technically defaulted but restructured behind closed doors. TXU, Caesars, Clear Channel and Freescale did "**distress**ed exchanges", in which creditors accept losses in return for new debt.

Answer 438

bezproblemowo; płynnie; gładko A good example is Dell’s crown jewel: vmware, a pioneer in virtualisation software, which allows software to run on multiple machines **seamlessly**.

Answer 439

nadciągający, bliski Although the end of Wall Street was **imminent**, Bank of America’s offer valued Merrill Lynch at $29 per share—a 70 percent premium over the stock’s closing price on the previous Friday, and nearly twice its book value.

Answer 440

bagno The president finds himself stuck in something even more insane than a **quagmire**: a quagmire he knowingly walked into, even though it’s precisely the kind of gigantic, mind-numbing, multigenerational nation-building project he explicitly said he didn’t want.

Answer 441

udoskonalić (umiejętność), wykształcić (umiejętność) Exxon’s investments in Central Asia, and its own recent joint venture with Rosneft, are hard to square with the company’s well-**honed** modus operandi of aversion to risk coupled with a brutal pursuit of return on capital employed.

Answer 442

material He had a **material** knowledge of a material event in the middle of a shareholder vote.

Answer 443

poprawa, gwałtowny wzrost The next day its share price, which had plunged by over a third in recent weeks, **rallied** 5%.

Answer 444

pronounced This trend is most **pronounced** in Japan and, to a lesser extent, pockets of continental Europe.

Answer 445

neat It is a **neat** hypothesis, but is it true?

Answer 446

disquiet The **disquiet** over liquidity is exacerbated by the fact that investment banks—which usually package securities and sell them—have increasingly stuffed their vaults with illiquid assets, such as private-equity investments, "hung" bridge loans (ie, those that are not as temporary as had been hoped), and rarely traded derivatives.

Answer 447

zareagować nerwowo (rynki finansowe), mieć tremę, być roztrzęsionym Worries about more such losses have made markets **jittery**.

Answer 448

wyczerpywać się, tracić rozpęd After a glorious 50 years, Moore’s law—which states that computer power doubles every two years at the same cost—is **running out of steam**.

Answer 449

wycena Then came the re**appraisal** of risk.

Answer 450

dokonać Very few firms have been able to **pull off** a corporate transformation, says Michael Cusumano of the mit Sloan School of Management, but he thinks Mr Dell’s labours are starting to produce results.

Answer 451

to imply Valuations climbed to three times book value, **imply**ing sustainable returns on equity of over 30%, when even 25% is rare in the industry.

Answer 452

zręczność More and more retail investment funds are capping their sizes in an effort to protect their **agility** and performance.

Answer 453

najnowocześniejszy But "between 75% and 80% of semiconductors are not **bleeding-edge** products," says Len Jelinek of ihs Markit, a research firm.

Answer 454

pristine The trading business was hardly **pristine** either.

Answer 455

to ponder It would be odd if their Chinese counterparts were not at least **pondering** similar tactics.

Answer 456

składnik It is therefore impossible to describe such a machine in strict terms of its **constituent** parts.

Answer 457

tu: w poprzek These are then sliced into standard-sized wafers, 300mm **across**, and sent to a chip factory, or "fab", perhaps in Taiwan or South Korea.

Answer 458

tu: firma Thanks to rampant innovation, particularly in futures, options and swaps, regulators must worry not only about those banks that are too big to fail, but also about middle-sized **outfit**s with tentacles that wind through the derivative markets.

Answer 459

zapas Goldman Sachs keeps a **stockpile** of over $50 billion in highly liquid securities in case markets dry up.

Answer 460

intractable A computer big enough to do what Dr Shor envisaged would also be useful for all manner of currently **intractable** problems.

Answer 461

sendup They jokingly refer to themselves as Team America, taking the name from the South Park-esque **sendup** of military cluelessness, and they pride themselves on their can-do attitude and their disdain for authority.

Answer 462

to unravel Superpower politics may start to **unravel** it

Answer 463

wynagrodzić But each time transistors shrank, and the chips made out of them became faster and more capable, the market for them grew, allowing the makers to **recoup** their R&D costs and reinvest in yet more research to make their products still tinier.

Answer 464

to shoulder These companies are also moving beyond just providing services for a fee; they are taking on project management and **shouldering** some of the financial risk in projects they are involved in.

Answer 465

delinquent Seen as safe only a few months ago, these are now tumbling in value as mortgage **delinquencies** rise.

Answer 466

zwrot grzecznościowy; pozdrowienie He clicks on the message and reads the **salutation** out loud, then stuffs the BlackBerry back in his pocket, not bothering to conceal his annoyance.

Answer 467

propitious Moreover, China’s bid to become a global semiconductor powerhouse is **propitiously** timed.

Answer 468

stały element wyposażenia As a Wall Street **fixture**, Mr Madoff was close to several SEC officials.

Answer 469

brisk Travis Kalanick, the company’s chief executive, says demand was **brisk** but blames the city’s taxi regulator for a shortage of cabs (160 drivers took part).

Answer 470

trudności; kłopoty It will be an unhappy thought to many, but BP’s **travails** in the wake of the Gulf of Mexico disaster may be guide to the supermajors’ future.

Answer 471

atak Can Huawei survive an **onslaught** of bans and restrictions abroad?

Answer 472

nieskazitelny The trading business was hardly **pristine** either.

Answer 473

narybek In the 1990s, when the oil price dipped, a round of mergers turned the "seven sisters" of the 1950s—BP, Esso, Gulf Oil, Mobil, Royal Dutch Shell, SoCal and Texaco—their descendants and some smaller **fry** into this new set of "supermajors".

Answer 474

onslaught Can Huawei survive an **onslaught** of bans and restrictions abroad?

Answer 475

to fare The largest leveraged buy-outs **fared** better than the doomsayers predicted. But private-equity firms have no right to boast.

Answer 476

to inhibit Therefore, he argues, there is likely to be an evolved mechanism that identifies certain goals as unattainable and **inhibits** their pursuit—and he believes that low mood is at least part of that mechanism.

deck no. 02 Flashcards

(500 cards)