deer/elk/bison

Question 1

most common causes of death in wapiti

Answer 1

multisystemic infection, GI infection
noninfectious diseases

Question 2

common dx in elk

Answer 2

neonates:
enteritis
septicemia
pneumonia
starvation
trauma

yearlings: pneumonia, trauma, parasites

Question 3

adenovirus hemorrhagic disease

Answer 3

cervid adenovirus 1
high mortality in mule deer
direct transmission

C/S- difficulty breathing, foaming at mouth, d+, seizures, sudden death if acute
chronic- oral ulcers, abscess, weight loss, death

no tx or prevention

Question 4

parasites in elk

Answer 4

babesia odoceilei- spread by ticks
winter ticks

Question 5

WTD mortality, causes

Answer 5

highest when young (before weaning)
trauma, necrobacillosis, pneumonia, salmonella

Question 6

johnes in WTD

Answer 6

has been found un deer tissues-> intermittent shedding
occurs at younger age 5-17m

Question 7

necrobacillosis in WTD

Answer 7

lumpy jaw- high density, hygiene, bottle feeding

caused by Fusobacterium necrophorum in white tailed deer. Oral abscesses associated with the teeth, deformation of the maxilla and mandible. Very infectious - spread via feed. If they are fed rough hay, lesions in mouth are created allowing a portal of entry for this organism. Difficult to manage - have to get them out of the pen and away from food/water sources. Associated with the presence of foot rot. Increases mortality and morbidity.

Question 8

BVDV in WTD

Answer 8

reported in free ranging WTD
shed in nasal secretions-> non cytopathic
causes repro failure (abortion, mummification, PI fawns 67-83d)

Question 9

CWD prevalence, dx

Answer 9

found in AB- 700 wild, fewer farmed +ve

dx- rectoanal mucosa lymphoid tissue IHC (not as sensitive as LN or tonsil biopsy)

Question 10

regulation of CWD

Answer 10

currently open status
adding goats and cervids as livestock-> tracing, shorten time to report
report domestic movements

Question 11

bison industry

Answer 11

meat
semen
breeding stock
hides

Question 12

bison nutrition

Answer 12

nonselective roughage-> pasture inadequate for cows
seasonal weight gain/loss
18kg birth-> 900kg male

Question 13

bison repro

Answer 13

seasonally polyestrous
cycle 21d
275d gestation-> calve may-july
preg dx- rectal, U/S, PSPB

rut in august, expose bull at 1:10
females transition to spontaneous ovulation by august (start w 1 wave)-> CL-> second follicle waves

Question 14

bison management

Answer 14

no barn/shelter
calving w/o intervention
no castration, limit dehorning
minimal handling

Question 15

bison meat industry

Answer 15

carcass prices are good if exporting-> use video ante mortem inspection

numbers/farms going up

Question 16

bison tuberculosis

Answer 16

in wood buffalo, most infected
dx- TB testing to identify infected herds

Question 17

brucellosis

Answer 17

in wood buffalo
causes abortion, orchitis, retained placenta

Question 18

BVD bison

Answer 18

vx work, causes losses in feedlot
unknown if PI calves

Question 19

MCF bison

Answer 19

ovine herpes 2 highly susceptible but can be infected without C/S

C/S- depressed, separated from herd, anorexia, bloody d+, cloudy cornea, ocular dc, nasal dc
always fatal when detected
not contagious b/w bison

Question 20

bison MCF lesions

Answer 20

ulcerative esophagitis
hemorrhagic cystitis
hemorrhagic/ulcerative abomasitis

Question 21

most common causes of death in bison

Answer 21

Question 22

other bison diseases

Answer 22

PI3, BRSV- significant secondary disease
IBR
bluetongue- no C/S in experiment, no natural infection
clostridial diseases
abortion (infectious)
lepto
pasteurella, mannheimia
anthrax
mycoplasma pneumonia nad arthritis
anaplasmosis

Question 23

bison johnes

Answer 23

in wild bison
stages:
subclinical non shedding
subclinical shedding
intermittent or permanent shedding

Question 24

signs of a sick bison

Answer 24

stay near water (fever), frequent trips to water
droopy ears
mouth breathing
separated from herd

difficult to detect illness, become dangerous