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VETM 531 > diseases of lambs > Flashcards

diseases of lambs Flashcards

1
Q

lamb mortality

A

10-30%
80-90% within 1wk, 70% 3wks

mostly related to management

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2
Q

what do lambs die from?

A

abortion/weakborn
dystocia
hypothermia
starvation/hypoglycemia
septicemia
pneumonia
d+
predation

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3
Q

abortion

A

60-70% infectious cause
toxoplasma, chlamydia abortus, campylobacter fetus
dx- fresh placenta

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4
Q

toxoplasma

A

late winter/early spring
oral transmission
dx- placental lesions (white on cotyledons)
tx- decoquinate

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5
Q

chlamydia abortus

A

C/S- fever, abortion, stillbirth 2 wks before lambing
dx- serology, IFA
tx- tetracycline
vx- bacterin in US

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6
Q

campylobacter fetus

A

contaminated water/feed
C/S- abortion, weak lambs born dead.
thick placenta, grey cotyledons, fetal liver necrotic foci

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7
Q

abortion investigation protocol

A
  1. separate animal
  2. remove fetus and placenta wear gloves
  3. avoid contact if pregnant
  4. keep cool
  5. monitor rest of flock
  6. establish intervention level w producer
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8
Q

dystocia/mismothering

A

malposition/multiple labs

lambing in group housing
preventing ewe from licking lamb
stealing by another ewe
iatrogenic

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9
Q

hypothermia

A

1 cause of death in first 48h

lack of fleece, being born wet, twins/triplets, lack of shelter, thin mother, ill dam

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10
Q

hypothermia tx

A

warm colostrum, external heat, dextrose 20% 10ml/kg
milk replacer 50ml/kg q6-8h
avoid drafts

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11
Q

hypoglycemia

A

plugged teats, hard udder (OPP), poor bonding, congenital, lg litter

tx- warm, dextrose 10ml/kg 20%

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12
Q

colostrum/FTPI

A

delivery of sufficient quantity, good quantity
adequate absorption

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13
Q

problems with colostrum quality/quantity

A

quality: young, sick, poorly vxed, thin dam

availability: prepartum leakage, nursing of another lamb

ingestion: weak neonate, competition w other lambs

absorption: weakness, sickness, hypothermia, dehydration

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14
Q

colostrum requirements

A

50-75ml/kg 3X in first 24h, first by 2h- increases w cold

goats- 200ml/kg/d-280
IgG >12g/L

dx: TP>5.5, GGT, BRIX

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15
Q

colostrum management

A

source from dam, other ewe, cow

frozen in 2-3oz, feed w 8fr tube and 60cc syringe

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16
Q

what diseases are transmitted through colostrum

A

OPP, CAE, Johnes, bacteria

17
Q

colostrum sterilization

A

pasteurization- high temp for 15s (can cause immune denaturation)

heat tx- 56C for 1h to block viruses
57C 10min- inactivate virus

18
Q

colostrum supplements

A

replacer- 35g IgG, feed within 1h of birth
supplements to add IgG

19
Q

septicemia

A

FTPI
acute collpase, temp abnormal, congested MM, d+, swollen joints

20
Q

omphalophlebitis

A

fever, lethargy, anorexia
leads to septicemia, peritonitis, UTI, arthritis

tx- abx, supportive care
prevention w sanitation, navel dipping, colostrum

21
Q

spider lamb syndrome

A

deformity of legs/spine by 4-6wks
mutation in FGFR3
angular limb deformities, scoliosis, facial deformities

long legs at birth, roman nose

22
Q

cache valley virus

A

causes pregnancy failure/neonatal malformation
transmitted by mosquitoes, endemic in NA

23
Q

floppy kid syndrome ddx, dx, tx

A

metabolic acidosis w/o dehydration, normal at birth
sudden flaccid paralysis 3-10d, apathy
ddx: white muscle disease, enterotoxemia, sepsis
dx- low pH, bicarb, high lactate and AG
reversible

24
Q

pneumonia

A

1-3 wks
mannheimia, pasteurella
fever/tachypnea
tx- ceftiofur 1mg/kg, tetracycline 5mg/kg

25
Q

diarrhea/scours causes

A
26
Q

nutritional d+

A

heavy milker (singleton)
change to milk replacer

27
Q

infectious d+ C/S, dx, tx

A

wet fleece/tail
lethargy, staggering, sunken eyes
dx- lab (PCR)
tx- oral electrolytes 100ml QID, IV
prevention- isolate affected, colostrum, clean udder

28
Q

enterotoxemia/ pulpy kidney

A

clostridium perfringens type D-> changes in diet, release of epsilon toxin

C/S- shock, sudden death, d+, abd pain, paddling, glucosuria
dx- soft kidney, pericardial fluids, petechial hemorrhage

tx- flunixin 2mg/kg, metacam 1mg/kg, antitoxin, tetracycline in feed
vx 2 doses 4-6wks apart

29
Q

schmallenberg virus

A

abortion, mummification, fever, drop in milk, d+

VETM 531 (9 decks)

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