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VETM 531 > camelids > Flashcards

camelids Flashcards

1
Q

how to differentiate species

A

llamas- banana ears (bigger)
alpacas- smaller
huacaya- white fiber, more valuable
suri- stringy wool
guanaco- wild camelid, protected
vicuna- tiny, finest fiber

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2
Q

camelid adaptation

A

high altitude, low precipitation
mountainous area-> foot pad
bright sunlight-> ocular apparatus
low nutrient density-> efficient ruminators

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3
Q

anatomic considerations

A

thick skin, transverse vertebrae in neck make blood draws hard, cannot tell venous from arterial
split lip, fighting teeth (canines)
3 compartment stomach (ruminates)
elliptical RBC, high MCHC

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4
Q

camelid stomach

A

C1- rumen
C2- omasum
C3- abomasum

have saccuoliths (normal)
greater plant fiber digestion (more mixing, better buffering and VFA absorption, longer retention time)

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5
Q

foot anatomy

A
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6
Q

reproduction

A

induced ovulators, diffuse placenta, prolonged ejaculation,gestation in left horn, birth during the day

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7
Q

behaviour

A

herd structure, fighting
work with them as a group

ears back, nose up-> angry
cover mouth w tissue to stop spitting

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8
Q

beserk male syndrome

A

attacks people like a llama, castration doesnt correct it

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9
Q

malocclusion

A

underbite, broken teeth
incisors most common
should touch dental pad, not dig in-> correct w hand file/saw, dremel

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10
Q

jaw masses

A

common (mostly tooth root abscess)
tx medically w enro 5mg/kg SQ 10 PO
DDX: osteomyelitis (lumpy jaw), fx, cysts, tumour

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11
Q

megaesophagus

A

related to trauma, choke, organophosphate toxicity

C/S: v+, regurg, dysphagia, hypersalivation, bad breath, weight loss

dx: rads, barium swallow
tx: feed complete feed, euth

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12
Q

first compartment flora problem

A

secondary to some other disease after 3d off feed

C/S: anorexia, depressed gastric contraction, change in fluid

tx- transfaunation 500ml 2-4 times

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13
Q

grain overload

A

feedin accidents, aggressive eaters
C/S: acute depression, gastric distension, atony
stumbling
dx- metabolic acidosis, fluid pH
tx-treat dehydration, acidosis, abx, thiamine

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14
Q

3rd compartment ulcers

A

causes by stress
C/S: colic, depression, bruxism, decreased feces
tx- symptomatic, omeprazole IV, panto 1mg/kg

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15
Q

colic

A

C/S: depression, teeth grinding, lateral recumbency, abnormal posture
dx- hx, PE, BW, abdominocentesis, AXR, exlap
tx- usually not surgical

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16
Q

peritonitis

A

from pneumonia, pericarditis, abd abscess, sepsis, C3 ulcers, pancreatitis

C/S: depression, anorexia
ileus, d+, dehydration, weight loss
dx- abdominocentesis
tx- remove source of infection, abx, NSAID, nutritional

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17
Q

upper respiratory disease (alpaca snots)

A

nasal dc, fever, cough
usually recover, but can progress to pneumonia

PI3, adenovirus, coronavirus

18
Q

pneumonia

A

not obvious signs: unexplained fever, anorexia, tachypnea
infectious (strep zoo)
no cough
dx- rads
tx- ceftiofur 2.2mg/kg, ampi 6.6mg/kg

19
Q

aspiration pneumonia

A

regurg when tubing, paralyzed animal, megaesophagus

poor prognosis

20
Q

GI parasites

A

coccidia, trichostrongylus, ostertagia, haemonchus, nematodirus

21
Q

mycoplasma haemolamae

A

no cell wall, grows on RBC
causes fever, anemia, icterus, depression, infertility

associated w stress, transport, disease

dx- blood smear, PCR
tx- only for very sick tetracycline 20mg/kg q3d 5 times

22
Q

parelaphostrongylosis pathogenesis, C/S, dx, tx, prevention

A

WTD parasite (eastern NA, sask)
int host snail, llama is aberrant host
eggs in lung-> coughed and swallowed-> excreted in feces-> snails (L2 and L3)-> deer eats snail-> L3 freed in abomasum-> brain

migrates to spinal cord in llama-> malacia, meningitis, hemorrhage

C/S: hypermetria, ataxia, head tilt, circling, blindness
dx- signs and deer presence, r/o other causes. CSF-> eosinophils

tx- fenben 50mg/kg 5d, ivermectin 0.2mg/kg
NSAIDs
physio

prevention- control deer, snails, deworm w ivermectin, moxidectin

23
Q

west nile virus C/S, dx, prevention

A

C/S- lip twitching, facial tremors, head shaking, ataxia

dx- leukocytosis, high cells in CSF, PCR/IHC
prevention- control mosquitoes

24
Q

heat stress

A

hot weather, transport, shows, exercise/breeding

C/S- depression, anorexia, drooping lower lip, perianal swelling, high temp, abortion, recumbency

tx- cooling w water, shade, IVF

prevention- shade, water access, shearing, ventilation, pools, avoid hot days

25
Q

idiopathic hyperkeratosis

A

young llamas/alpacas, hairless areas of body
not pruritic
tx- Zn supplements

26
Q

neonatology

A

born w epidermal membrane, open eyes, incisors

27
Q

neonate diseases

A

management
prematurity
FTPI
septicemia
choanal atresia

28
Q

cria scoring system

A
29
Q

immediate care of neonate

A

PE, dip navel
dry, weigh
check nursing
Se injection
enema
check dam

30
Q

colostrum and alternatives

A

llama colostrum is lower fat
can use cow or goat
10-20% BW in 6-8oz feedings
needs >800mg/dl RID, TP >5.5

31
Q

FTPI

A

poor quantity/quality colostrum
inability to nurse
inadequate consumption/absorption

tx- monitor cria, plasma tranfusion 15-25ml/kg

32
Q

insufficient milk production/consumption

A

C/S- poor weight gain, weak babies

causes- mastitis, udder edema, behavioural, genetics

tx-feed cow/goat milk (tube/bottle) 10-12% BW first 48h, q2h

33
Q

prematurity/dysmaturity

A

C/S- weakness, low birth weight, no incisors, hyperextension of fetlocks, silk wool, floppy ears

34
Q

neonatal sepsis

A

SIRS- e. coli, strep, listeria
C/S- weakness, lethargy, fever/hypothermia, failure to nurse, injected MM, d+

enlarged joints, dyspnea
dx- leukocytosis/penia, toxic/bands. blood cultures

tx- abx (ceftiofur 8mg/kg), fluids, nutrition, NSAIDs

35
Q

neonatal d+ causes

A

giardia, crypto, eimeria, clostridium, salmonella, corona/rotavirus

36
Q

eimeria macusaniensis

A

weakness, wasting, d+ in crias, colic
long PPP (masks infection)
tx- decoquinate, ponazuril, toltrazuril

37
Q

choanal atresia

A

complete bilateral/unilateral or stricture of nasal passage

dx- contrast rads
carried by both parents

38
Q

hypophosphatemic rickets

A

up to 6m old, dark coat
slow growth, reluctant to move, lameness, swollen joints

phosphorus deficiency, low vit D ingestion

tx- vit D 1000-1500IU/kg

39
Q

BVD

A

early pregnancy loss/abortion, d+
can get PI animals (weight loss, d+, susceptible to infection)
dx- ELISA, PCR

40
Q

failure to thrive syndrome

A
41
Q

immunodeficiency syndrome

A

C/S- weight loss, normal TPR, recurring infections, anemia

LN hypoplasia, defective lymphocytes

poor prognosis

VETM 531 (9 decks)

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