Deference and statecraft

Question 1

who is the lecture based on

Answer 1

Robert J. Art

Question 2

what is fungibility

Answer 2

the ability to translate power from one issue to an other area

Question 3

what, sometimes, isnt fungible because it is disproportionate

Answer 3

power

Question 4

an exemple of fungibility

Answer 4

using military power to negotiate trade term

Question 5

why power can be fungible

Answer 5

1. issue linkage

2. spillover

Question 6

what is issue linkage

Answer 6

state interact simultaneously in many different issue area and can therefore make trades between area

Question 7

what is spillover

Answer 7

Advantage in one instrument of power, particularly security, give states enforcement and credibility advantages in other issue area

Question 8

why does embargoes and blockades fail

Answer 8

1. states are usually able to shift the burden of suffering to disenfranchised or non-elite element of society
2. sanctions demanding losses of territory are believed to be a) irreversable b) cumulative

Question 9

for what policies embargoes and blockades work best

Answer 9

minor policies

Question 10

what are the four function of force

Answer 10

1. defence
2. deterrence
3. compellence
4. swaggering

Question 11

what are exemple of defense

Answer 11

attack for territorial conquest, destruction of an enemy military force

Question 12

what is preemtive war

Answer 12

first strike advantage

Question 13

what is preventive war

Answer 13

move before the balance of forces move against you

Question 14

are the aggressor always the one who attack first

Answer 14

no

Question 15

what is deterrence

Answer 15

the threat of punishment or cost design to deter an opponent form making offensive moves

Question 16

what is the goal of deterrence

Answer 16

prevent war form happening not necessarily to win it

Question 17

what is rational deterrence theory

Answer 17

estimate when deterrence succeeds or fails

Question 18

what are the 3 necessary causes for RDT to succeed

Answer 18

1. capability
2. credibility
3. communication

Question 19

what is local deterrence

Answer 19

deterrence to deter an attack on oneself

Question 20

what is extended deterrence

Answer 20

deter an attack upon ally

Question 21

what is the main difference between the two type of deterrence

Answer 21

Credibility problem, the enemy may disbelieve the intention of a state to defend its ally

Question 22

what is immediate deterrence

Answer 22

when one state seeks to actively deter a threat from another. Immediate deterrence failure is an attack by one state on the deterring state.

Question 23

what is general deterrence failure

Answer 23

when two states are not in confrontation because one state is so much weaker that there is no active confrontation.

Question 24

what are the critics of RDT

Answer 24

1. There is no way to tell whether one state did not attack another because it was successfully deterred or because it simply did not want to attack:
2. Deterrence does not explain many important cases because it cannot explain risk-taking.

Question 25

what is compellence

Answer 25

the threat or use of punishment to force an opponent to reverse a previously taken action.

Question 26

what is peaceful compellence

Answer 26

the threatened use of force that causes the adversary to reverse their previous action.

Question 27

what is physical compellence

Answer 27

the infliction of costs until the adversary reverses their previous action.

Question 28

what kind of strategy is compellence

Answer 28

punishment strategy

Question 29

what is swaggering

Answer 29

applies to shows of force not associated with above categories. Typically associated with establishing reputations of capability ( arms race )