deficiency

Question 1

how common is A def in developing countries

Answer 1

V common - most preventable cause of night blindness!

Question 2

subclinical A s/s

Answer 2

cysts on endocrine glands
reduced skin integrity(dry/acne/eczema/poor healing)
dry hair
poor taste/smell
low immunity (reduced neutrophil/NK cell function)
more allergies

Question 3

what could happen to baby if A low in pregnancy

Answer 3

could have problems in reproductive tract or low growth hormone could mean tiny baby

Question 4

A serious deficiency s/s

Answer 4

1st loss sensitivity to green light
then night blindness
then xeropthalmia

Question 5

How quickly can thiamin deficiency occur

Answer 5

Within days of thiamin-free diet as little stored in the body

Question 6

B1 deficiency mainly affects which body system

Answer 6

CNS

Question 7

Sub clinical thiamin deficiency s/s

Answer 7

Fatigue
Depression
Headaches
Memory loss
Confusion
Muscle weakness
GIT disorders

Question 8

Clinical thiamin deficiency symptoms

Answer 8

1 beri beri
Dry - weakness, inability to walk, no reflexes, muscle/feet numbness, muscle pain
Wet - also right heart failure & oedema

Wernicke’s encephalopathy with korsakoffs psychosis (linked to alcohol) NS lesions, confusion, memory loss

Question 9

does riboflavin deficiency often occur alone

Answer 9

no, as linked with metabolism of many other vits

Question 10

5 s/s riboflavin deficiency

Answer 10

ariboflavinosis - bright pink tongue
lesions at corners of mouth/round lips
scaly dermatitis (around mouth, nose, eyes, ears)
conjunctivitis
impairment of lipid metabolism

Question 11

2 different situations that could lead to niacin def

Answer 11

enzymes that catabolise niacin disrupted by stress, toxins, carcinogens
deficient in B6,2 & iron as needed to synthesise from tryptophan

Question 12

early s/s niacin def

Answer 12

scaly dark skin
nausea
fatigue
headaches
insomnia

Question 13

serious niacin def - from protein/niacin-deficient diet

Answer 13

pellagra  - 
diarrhoea
dermatitis
dementia
depression
death

Question 14

which amino acid contributes to niacin deficiency

Answer 14

leucine - prevents conversion of tryptophan to niacin

Question 15

s/s pantothenic acid def

Answer 15

v rare
fatigue
GI stress
neurological disturbances
paresthesia

Question 16

pyridoxine def s/s

Answer 16

hormonal imbalances - PMS/fluid retention
acne, facial oiliness, skin lesions
glossitis
fatigue, low blood sugar
anaemia
high homocysteine
atherosclerosis
confusion, depression, insomnia
anorexia,nausea
low immunity

Question 17

what is glossitis

Answer 17

inflammation of the tongue

Question 18

is D def common?

Answer 18

pandemic!
almost all institutionalised elderly
infants who are breastfed and kept out of sun…etc

Question 19

2 conditions most ass with D def

Answer 19

Rickets

osteomalacia - adult version

Question 20

not enough D can also lead to what type of illnesses

Answer 20

autoimmune

Question 21

subclinical D s/s

Answer 21

osteoporosis/growth retardation/softening bones & teeth
hyperparathyroidism
poor immunity
cramps diarrhoea
insomnia/ nervousness
turning in mouth/throat
increased FSH/LH production

Question 22

is D def common?

Answer 22

pandemic!
almost all institutionalised elderly
infants who are breastfed and kept out of sun…etc

Question 23

2 conditions most ass with D def

Answer 23

Rickets

osteomalacia - adult version

Question 24

not enough D can also lead to what type of illnesses

Answer 24

autoimmune

Question 25

subclinical D s/s

Answer 25

``` osteoporosis/growth retardation/softening bones & teeth hyperparathyroidism poor immunity cramps diarrhoea insomnia/ nervousness turning in mouth/throat increased FSH/LH production ```

Question 26

is E def easy to diagnose

Answer 26

no - as Es effects so diverse

Question 27

s/s deficiency

Answer 27

could affect any physiological processes that rely on integrity of cellular membrane poss DNA damage poss decreased energy production in mitochondria

Question 28

is E def easy to diagnose

Answer 28

no - as Es effects so diverse

Question 29

s/s E deficiency

Answer 29

could affect any physiological processes that rely on integrity of cellular membrane poss DNA damage poss decreased energy production in mitochondria

Question 30

how common is full K def

Answer 30

rare - apart from few newborns - at risk of fatal hemorrhagic disease - K injection

Question 31

K insufficiency might lead to what

Answer 31

slowed blood clotting ^ risk hemorrhage

Question 32

s/s K def (subclinical)

Answer 32

hemorrhagic disorders - easy bruising, GIT bleeding, haematuria, nose bleeds lower bone density, osteopenia, osteoporosis joint hyper mobility cognitive impairment

Question 33

deficiency of folate in pregnancy can cause

Answer 33

neural tube defects/spina bifida

Question 34

what 2 processes does folate deficiency impair

Answer 34

cell division | protein synthesis

Question 35

which type of cells are first affecting by a folate deficiency

Answer 35

fast dividing cells - RBCs and GI tract cells

Question 36

s/s folate def

Answer 36

``` Anaemia (megaloblastic) GI tract deterioration Hyperhomhocysteinaemia Other s/s weakness depression dermatologic lesions poor growth ```

Question 37

why hyperhomocysteinaemia in folate def

Answer 37

as no folate to convert homocysteine back into methionine = ^ risk CV disease