Defining Development Flashcards
(24 cards)
Definition of development
There is no agreed definition for development
The early definitions were mostly focused on WEALTH, countries with a HIGH GDP were classed as a developed country
However, now there is more focus on SOCIAL and ECONOMIC factors along with wealth
These social and economic factors include
AID
HEALTHCARE
EDUCATION
POVERTY
INFRASTRUCTURE
POLITICAL
ECONOMICS
ENVIRONMENT
What did the United Nations human development report state and when was it released
1990
Stated that development is a process that creates an ENVIRONMENT in which people can enjoy a LONG, HEALTHY and CREATIVE life
What does economic development look at
Looks at how much money there is within a country and how many people actually EARN the wealth
With economic development what change happens with occupations
Economically developed countries will show a move AWAY FROM PRIMARY occupations into SECONDARY and TERTIARY occupations (ict and digital)
This is a VITAL MOVEMENTS
What does a country have to have to be classified as developed
The wealth needs to be DISTRIBUTED EVENLY among the population
And HUMAN RIGHTS must be re guarded
Name two economic indicators of development
GNI per Capita
% of population living on $1.90 a day
What is GNI per Capita
Gross national income
Measures the total ECONOMIC value of all GOODS and SERVICES provided in a country through a year / the number of people living in the country
IN US DOLLARS
High GDP = more developed country
QUATAR $87,030 per person
REPUB OF CONGO $350 per person
Per capita means for each person in relation with o people taken individually
Positives with GNI per capita
Comparison between countries is easy to understand
Gives a baseline of the amount of money in dollars PER PERSON of a population which is earned
USES A COMMON CURRENCY AS A BENCHMARK WHICH MAKES GLOBAL COMPARISONS EASIER
Negatives with GNI per capita
Working out how much money is there within a country is increasingly difficult especially with global markets
Changes in currency rates can affect $1 and one country might not the same amount as $1 and another country- the purchase of money can vary from one place to another
Percentage of population living on $1.90 a day positive
Overall picture of poverty levels in countries
Used to show trends over time
Percentage of population living on $1 and 90 day negative
No indication of poverty DISTRIBUTION within the country
NOT A MEASURE OF INDIVIDUAL POVERTY
What is a social measure?
Used to assess how well country is developing in areas that affect people DIRECTLY
HEALTHCARE
EDUCATION
These measures help indicate peoples quality of life
Name two social indicators
Healthcare
Education
What are the two components of healthcare?
Life expectancy
Infant mortality rates
What is life expectancy?
The number of years a person is expected to live calculated at their birth time
Higher life expectancy shows more developed country
For example
UK 81 years
Chad 48 years
What is infant mortality rate?
Measures the number of children who die before they reach the age 1 per 1000 births per year
Lower infant mortality means in more developed country
For example
UK6
Sierra 195
Positive the healthcare
Easy to work out depending on good bio registration data
Gives both useful figures that lie direct comparison with other countries and Inferences to be made about available health services
Clear reflection of social conditions are given time
Negatives of healthcare
Still an average figure and many Hyde variations in society
Since it is calculated at birth, no new development is taken into consideration
Not all countries have robust methods of record and vital registration data and maybe inaccurate
What is the second social measure?
Education
Education adult literacy rate
This is the percentage of the adult population that can read or write
What has caused progress of improving adult literacy rates
Due to the millennium development goals in 2000, however woman still fall behind men
UK 99%
Somalia 24%
Positives of education
Clear indication of education available on an offer
Indicative count countries wealth is used to benefit the people
Negatives of education
