Definitions

Question 1

Parsimony

Answer 1

Simplest explanation for an event or observation. Requires that an explanation should
A) make the smallest number of unsupported assumptions
B) assume that the facts on hand are true and basis for moving forward
C ) invoke the fewest i observable constructs

Question 2

Latent learning

Answer 2

Subconscious retention of information without reinforcement or motivation

Question 3

Saliency

Answer 3

To stand out conspicuously

Question 4

Blocking

Answer 4

A stimulus because irrelevant when paired with an already familiar stimulus

Question 5

Overshadowing

Answer 5

When a stimulus is not noticed because a more salient stimulus is present

Question 6

Learned irrelevance

Answer 6

Is a lack of response to a stimulus ( cue, trigger ) as it does not hold value to the animal

Question 7

Fading

Answer 7

Gradually reducing the strength of a prompt

Question 8

Premack principle

Answer 8

Is when the higher probability behaviours are made contingent on the lower probability behaviour, to increase the probability of the lower probability being performed

Question 9

Shaping

Answer 9

Reinforcement of successful approximations of end goal behaviour

Question 10

Luring

Answer 10

Reinforcer that is following by the dog ( guiding them )

Question 11

Chaining

Answer 11

A sequence of behaviours in a particular order

Question 12

Capturing

Answer 12

Reinforcing a behaviour as it naturally occurs in it full form

Question 13

Flooding

Answer 13

Exposing an animal to a trigger until there is no longer a response

Question 14

Deprivation

Answer 14

Removal of normal privileges

Question 15

Desensitisation

Answer 15

Diminishment of emotional response to stimulus

Question 16

Familiarisation

Answer 16

Gradual acclimatisation to a stimulus

Question 17

Antecedents

Answer 17

What precedes the behaviour

- environment

Question 18

Consequence

Answer 18

An outcome that directly impacts behaviour ( follows a behaviour )

Question 19

Differential Reinforcement of Alternate Behaviour

Answer 19

Reinforcement of appropriate behaviours that are incompatible with the problem behaviour.

Question 20

Extinction

Answer 20

Withholding a reinforcer that maintains a behaviour

Question 21

Superstition

Answer 21

A belief, not based in reason, scientific knowledge, that future events may be influenced by ones behaviour in some magical or mystical way

Question 22

Stimulus generalisation

Answer 22

Occurs when an animal responds to a stimulus in the same way that it responds to a similar stimulus

Question 23

Spontaneous recovery

Answer 23

Occurs when a behaviour is reappears following its extinction

Question 24

Counter conditioning

Answer 24

Changing a current conditioned response to an alternative response

Question 25

Conditioned reinforcer

Answer 25

Stimuli, objects, or events that become reinforcing based on their association with a primary reinforcer

Question 26

Unconditioned reinforcer

Answer 26

Reinforcers that does not need to be learned, (food, water, shelter)

Question 27

No reward marker

Answer 27

Neutral cue for extinction. | Must be neutral for the learner, not aversive.

Question 28

Generalised reinforcer

Answer 28

A consequence that has been paired with access to many different reinforcing consequences until it becomes reinforcing itself.

Question 29

Unconditioned punisher

Answer 29

Punishment that works without prior learning, ( extreme temperatures, starvation. Deprivation of innate needs

Question 30

Conditioned punisher

Answer 30

A consequence that has been paired with many different experiences of punishment until it took on punishing properties itself.

Question 31

Latency

Answer 31

The delay between a stimulus and the response it triggers

Question 32

Prompting

Answer 32

Providing antecedents that result in the occurrence of a target behaviour