DEFINITIONS Flashcards
(165 cards)
1
Q
united nations statistical definition of waste
A
materials that are not prime products, of which the generator has no further use in terms of their own purpose of production, transformation or consumption, and of which they want to dispose.
wastes may be generated during extraction of raw materials into intermediate and final products.
2
Q
basel convention definition of wastes:
A
substances or objects which are disposed of or are intended to be disposed of are required to be disposed of by the provisions of law
3
Q
basel convention definition of disposal
A
any operation which may lead to resource recovery, recycling, reclamation, direct re-use, or alterative uses.
4
Q
cleaner production
A
this is related to eco-design
the conceptual and procedural approach to production that demands that all phases of the life-cycle of a product or of a process should be addressed with the objective of prevention or the minimisation of short and long-term risks to humans and the environment.
5
Q
eco-design
A
a systematic approach which takes into account environmental aspects in the design and development process with the aim to reduce adverse environmental impacts.
designing waste out of the system is acknowledgement to be of particular importance to achieving real improvements in waste reducing across the life cycle.
6
Q
industrial symbiosis
A
engages traditionally separate industries in a collective approach to competitive advantage involving physical exchange of materials, energy, water and/or by-products. the keys to industrial symbiosis are collaboration and the synergistic possibilities offered by geographic proximity.
7
Q
production residues
A
COM92007), on interpretive communication on waste and by-products, materials are simply waste or not waste.
production residues MAY or MAY NOT be a waste.
8
Q
product stewardship
A
extended or individual producer responsibility and radio frequency identification
9
Q
waste hierarchy
A
ranks waste management options according ot what is best for the environment. top priority is prevention of waste, reuse, recycling, recovery and disposal
10
Q
e-waste/WEEE
A
anything with plug, electric cord or battery
11
Q
material flow analysis MFA
A
this method takes into account the consideration of the “metabolic” system of waste management, which means monitoring waste flows and substances within he model for waste management, and examining all inputs and outputs in the system.
12
Q
refurbishment
A
the process of sustainable refurbishment includes minimising the waste of existing components.
13
Q
household waste recycling centre (HWRC)
A
they take residual waste, dry recyclables, garden waste, household hazardous waste, WEEE, and bulky household waste
14
Q
circular economy
A
economic system of closed loops in which raw materials, components and products lose their values as little as possible.
15
Q
modern recovery facility (MRF)
A
materials reclamation facility is solid-waste management plant that processes recyclable materials to see to manufacturers as raw materials for new products
16
Q
ferrous metals
A
any metal which contains iron. they have increased tensile strength and durability.
17
Q
non-ferrous metals
A
no iron content, they have a higher resistance to rust and corrosion.
18
Q
avoidable food waste
A
food and drink thrown away that was, at some point prior to disposal, edible
19
Q
non-avoidable food waste
A
waste arising from food and drink preparation that is not, and has not been, edible under normal circumstances
20
Q
waste audit
A
a review of your current methods of handling waste and should help you identify what improvements can be made to gain further value from your waste materials and achieve maximum recycling levels.
21
Q
urban mining
A
the process of reclaiming compounds and elements from products, buildings and waste
22
Q
student engagement
A
waste wars, blackout, southampton swap shop, environmental rock, shift your stuff
23
Q
eco-system health
A
this is a balance of society, economy and the environment, in an eco-system decision making of sustainable development.
24
Q
waste disposal authority (WDA)
A
in charge of the use of funds from the council tax to facilitate the disposal of municipal waste.
25
proximity principle
waste should generally be managed as near as possible to its place of production
26
linear resource management
linear recycling follows the "take-make-dispose" plan. raw materials are collected, then transformed into products that are used until they are finally discarded as waste.
27
waste recycle centres (civic amenity sites)
specialise locations where rubbish is taken to be recycled.
28
prevention of waste
focuses on reducing the amount of waste that oyu generate at source
29
food waste
the decrease in the quality of quality of food resulting from decisions and actions by retailer, food service providers and consumers
30
pay as you throw schemes
a scheme in which waste fees paid by users are modulated according to the amount of mixed waste delivered to the waste management system.
31
ageism waste management
the contrast in age differences in terms of waste management and waste hierarchy preferences
32
authorised treatment facility ATF
a permitted site carrying out treatment on WEEE
33
european WEEE regulations
regulated to reduce the amount of WEEE
34
the precautionary principle in sustainable resource management
environmental protection based on precaution, even where there is no clear evidence of harm or risk from an activity
35
extended producer responsibility in sustainable resource management
environmental protection strategy that makes the manufacturer of the product responsible for the entire life cycle of the product and especially for the take back, recycling and final dispoal of the product
36
industrial metabolism in sustainable resource management
the metabolism of industry is the whole integrated collection of physical processes that convert raw materials and energy plus labour, into finished products and wastes in a more steady state condition
37
cleaner production in sustainable resource management
the process of using the resources and energies effectively
38
preparing for re-use
checking, cleaning or repairing recovery operations
39
pollution prevention
pollution prevention is reducing or eliminating waste at the source by modifying production processes, promoting the use of non-toxic or less-toxic substances, implementing conservation techniques and re-using mateirals rather than putting them into the waste stream.
40
upcycling
process of transforming by products, waste materials, useless or unwanted products into new mateirals or products perceived to be of greater quality.
41
industrial symbiosis
an association between two or more industrial facilities or companies in which teh wastes or byproducts of one become the raw materials of another.
42
life cycle assessment
is the process to evaluate the enviornmental burdens associated with a product, process or activity by identifying and quantifying energy and materials used and waste released to the environment and to asses the imapcts of those energy and material used and released to the enviornment.
43
Green SCM
green supply chain management : GrSCM can reduce the ecological impact of industrial activity while strengthening performance on quality, cost, reliability, performance and energy utilisation efficiency.
44
reverse logistics
all activity associated with a product/service after the point of sale.
45
waste value recovery
when your main aim is replacing a non waste material you would have used in your operation with a waste material that performs the same function
46
service-dominant logic
the application of competence for teh benefit of another party, focused on the transition in understanding bu
47
service-dominant logic
the application of competence for teh benefit of another party, focused on the transition in understanding business from "goods" to a "service" persepctive, wehre the exchange is thought of in terms of "value" rather than tangible product
48
end of life management
the management of all activities required at the end of life phase of a product
49
eco labelling
an eco label is a label which identifies overall environmental preference of a product (good or service) within a product category based on life cycle considerations.
50
incineration
burning of waste
51
anaerobic digestion
process in sewage treatment designed to reduce the volume of sewage sludge and make it suitable for subsequent use
52
composting
the recycling of organic waste such as vegetation and food waste. reduces the amount of waste going to landfill
53
environmental management system
a management system that plans, schedules, implements and monitors those activities aimed at improving environmetnal performance.
54
carbon footprint
a measure of the total amount of CO2 and CH4 emissions of a defined population, system, or activity, considered all relevant sources, sinks and storage within the spatial and temporal boundary of the population, system, or activity of interest. calculated as CO2 equipment's using the relevant 100-year global warming potential.
55
BAT
best available technique or technology depending on application
56
BPEO
best practicable environmental options
57
proximity principle
the principle that waste should be managed as near as practicable to its place of origin.
58
adaptive reuse
refers to repurposing an existing structure of new use
59
direct resale
reuse of product or component in the same form for the same function
60
repair
returning a faulty/ broken product back to useable state
61
refurbish
disassembling products and inspecting parts and components to return whole product to satisfactory condition
62
repurpose
when products that reach their end of use are adapted for a different or entirely new purpose than which they were originally designed
63
possibly unavoidable food waste
food and drink taht some people eat and others do not, or that can be eaten when a food is prepared in one way but not in another. (bread crusts and potato skins).
64
leftovers
foods post-preparation that have been bitten unto, prepared food, or food consisting of different components which have been served before
65
whole unused food
things that have not been consumed at all, in sales packaging or not
66
part consumed food
things that have been consumed in part ; whole single items of a food which is usually sold bunched, cut food, part consumed food in packaging other than original sales-packaging
67
set out rate
number of households using the scheme per collection, divided by the total number of households served by the scheme
68
participation ratio
number of households using the scheme at least once in four weeks, divided by the total number of households served by the scheme
69
stakeholders
all of those who have rights, responsibilities and interest in the issues
70
service factors
the systems, providers and enablers of participation in an environmental practice
71
behaviour factors
who we are and our disposition towards environmental practice
72
ISB Model
Infrastructure, service and behaviour model
73
EEE
electrical electronic equipment
74
producer of WEEE
organisation manufacturing, distributing, re-branding or importing EEE
75
PCS
producer compliance scheme, organisation meeting producer responsibilities
76
stockpiled device
has functional value but is unused and kept
77
hoarded device
does not work but is kept, recyclable but not reusable in its current state without
78
ATF
authorised treatment facilities, any facility carrying out treatment of WEEE and which is licensed permitted.
79
AATF
approved authorised treatment facilities, ATF's that have applied to issue WEEE evidence
80
AEs
approved exporters, any company who exports WEEE for treatment and or recover and recycling can apply to become an AE
81
BAT
best available techniques
82
by-product
substance of object, resulting from a production process, the primary aim of which is not the production of that item.
83
bulky waste
waste that exceeds 25 kg in weight or waste which cannot fit into receptacles for household waste
84
product stewardship
product's health, safety, and environmental management through its lifecycle, taking into account existing and emerging regulatory requirement, societal pressures and best business practices.
85
eco-design
involves designing or redesigning products, services, processes or systems to avoid or repair damage to the environment, society and the economy.
86
waste disposal authority
in charge of the use of funds from council tax, to facilitate the disposal of municipal waste.
87
proximity principle
suggests that waste should generally be disposed of as near to its place of origin as possible. involves the recognition that the transportation of wastes can have a significant environmental impact.
88
civic amenity services
a place provided by the waste disposal authority at which persons resident in the area may deposit their "household waste".
89
kerbside collections
service provided to households, in urban and suburban areas, of collecting and disposing of household waste and recyclables.
90
precautionary principle
environmental protection based on precaution, even where there is no clear evidence of harm or risk from an activity
91
extended producer responsibility
a policy approach under which producers are given a significant responsibility – financial and/or physical – for the treatment or disposal of post-consumer products
92
cleaner production
The process of using the resources and energies effectively along with the elimination of toxic raw materials and reduction in toxicity of all emissions and solid wastes.
93
preparing for reuse
checking, cleaning or repairing recovery operations, by which products or components of products that have become waste are prepared so that they can be re-used without any other pre- processing
94
upcycling
also known as creative reuse, is the process of transforming by-products, waste materials, useless, or unwanted products into new materials or products perceived to be of greater quality, such as artistic value or environmental value.
95
designated collection facility
means any establishment or undertaking carrying out collection operations and which is approved by the Secretary of State under regulation 70; Sample 1.
96
linear resource management
raw materials are collected, then transformed into products that are used until they are finally discarded as waste.
We take raw materials from the earth, use these to make products to sell and, once these products have reached the end of their useful life, we dispose of them
97
life cycle assessment
process to evaluate the environmental burdens associated with a product, process or activity by identifying and quantifying energy and materials used and wastes released to the environment, and to assess the impact of those energy and material used and released to the environment.
98
industrial ecology
also known as circular economy is an environmentally sustainable model for managing industrialized/logistic zones. In a closed loop system, activities, functions, and services are connected, instead of being separated from each other.
99
MRF, materials recycling facility
may be designed to handle materials collected from a single municipal/household kerbside collection system, or more typically, to sort materials from a number of kerbside collection programmes
100
siting waste management facilities
Solid waste management facilities are landfills, solid waste disposal areas, borrow pit reclamation areas, compost areas, material recovery areas, volume reduction plants, transfer stations, waste tire processing or collection area, or other facility, the purpose of which is recovery, disposal, recycling, depositing
101
waste management
the collection, transportation, handling and disposal process of dealing with removal of human waste. Waste management, generally, covers all aspects of human waste including waste reduction.
102
waste framework directive
sets the basic concepts and definitions related to waste management, including definitions of waste, recycling and recovery. Preventing waste is the preferred option, and sending waste to landfill should be the last resort.
103
dumpsite
land disposal site where solid wastes are disposed of in uncontrolled and unregulated manner
104
landfill or landraise
waste disposal site used for controlled and regulated deposit of solid waste onto or into land
105
incineration plant
any stationary or mobile technical unit and equipment dedicated to the thermal treatment of waste with or without the recovery of the combustion heat generated.
106
anaerobic digestion
a process through which bacteria break down organic matter—such as animal manure, wastewater biosolids, and food wastes—in the absence of oxygen.
107
composting
the recycling of organic wastes such as vegetation and food waste, reduces the amount of waste going to landfill and is therefore a rapidly growing sector.
108
formal recycling
organised, systematic, legal recycling systems, provided by the local authorities and private sectors. formal recycling is licenced.
109
informal recycling
individuals or enterprises who are not sponsored, financed, recognised or allowed by the formal waste authorities, or who operates in violation of or in competition with formal authorities
110
bring banks or sites
household or similar waste collected by a WDA, WCA or UA either directly or via any arrangements that the WDA, WCA or UA makes in this regard.
111
reuse
any operation to by which products or components that are not waste are used again for the same purpose for which they were conceived.
112
third sector
jobs, skills, social equity
113
urban mining
the process of reclaiming compounds and elements from products, buildings and waste
114
SUWMC
southern universities waste management consortium
115
waste audit
a review of your current methods of handling waste and should help you to identify what improvements can be made to: Gain further value from your waste materials. Achieve maximum recycling levels
116
ecosystem-based decision making
society, economy and environment are all part of eco-system helath. they all need to be taken into consideration
117
frontier civilisation
one-way flow of materials and energy, with a high throughput. can be non-renewable and renewable.
118
sustainable civilisaiton
cyclical flows of materials with appropriate energy usageg, with low throughput and renewable only energy.
119
the waste producer
we all produce waste, we all must take responsibility
120
LAWDC
local authority waste disposal companies
121
visible factors in MSW
factors taht are measurable by specific indicators or scale, quantifiable my measuring methods, considered in decision making and implemetation process
122
invisible factors in MSW
factors that are not considered at all in any of waste management processes, however have influence the social behavioural and philosophical perceptions on solid waste management and practice.
123
PESTLE
political, environmental, social, technological, legal, economic. these are all factors in SWM
124
industrial ecology Ian's
the study of the flows of materials and energy in industry and consumer activities, of the effect of these flows on the environment, and of teh influence of economic, political, regualtory and social factors, on the flow, use and transformation of resources.
125
an umbrella concept in product based initiatives
eco-design, LCA, industrial ecology is the basis on which industrial symbiolsis and industrial metabolism are found .
126
sustainable consumption and production
more sustainable consumption and production patterns are essential for the protection of the climate, ecosystems, and human helath,
127
CSR
corporate social responsibility, the responsibility of enterprises for their impact on society.
128
dematerialisation
the reduction of the amount of materials or the embedded energy of the industrial outputs, considered as final products and waste/by-products
129
green chemistry
the design, development and implementation of chemcial products and processes to reduce or eliminate the use and generation of substances hazardous to human helath and the enviornment
130
pollution prevention
reducing and elimiating waste at the source by modifying production processes, promoting the use of non-toxic or less-toxic substances, implementing conservation techniques and re-using materials rather tahn putting them into the waste stream.
131
natural capitalism
business model based on responsible, sustainable practice while increasing profits and gaining competitive advantage. based on 4 principles: increasing resource productivity, elimiating waste, selling service rather than product and reinvesting in natural capital.
132
eco-industrial parks
a community of businesses located on a common property, who seek enhanced environmental, economic and social performance through collaboration in managing environmental and resource issues.
133
extended producer responsibility (EPR)
making the producers responsible for their products in the end of the products life cycle
134
individual producers responsibility (IPR)
each producer should be made individually responsible for his OWN products, and those products only
135
radio frequency identification (RFID)
the successor technology of the barcode system, which enables tracking of products and will lead to better inventory/supply chain management and easier procurement processes.
136
Green SCM
green supply chain management, which reduce the ecological impact of industrial activity, while strengthening performance on quality, cost, reliability, performance and energy utilisation efficiency.
137
reverse logistics
all activity associated with a product/service after the point of sale
138
product service systems
a system of products, services, supporting networks and infrastructure that is de
139
service-dominant logic
the application of competence for the benefit of another party, focuses on the transition in understanding business from a "goods" to a "service" perspective, wehre the exchange is thought of in terms of "value" rather than tangible product
140
end-of-life management
the management of all activities required at the end of life phase of a product
141
eco-labelling
an eco-label is a label which identifies overall environmental preference of a product within a product category based on life cycle considerations.
142
industrial metabolism
the whole integrated collection of physical processes that convert raw materials and energy, plus labour, into finished products and wastes in a steady-state condition
143
life cycle assessment
a method for detecting environmental relevance of products, processes or services in their life cycle.
144
environmental impact assessment
the EIA procedure ensures that environmental consequences of projects are identified and assessed, and recommendations of appropriate mitigating measures are made, before authorisation for their development is given
145
environmental management system
a management system that plans, schedules, implements and monitors those activities aimed at improving environmental performance.
146
carbon footprint
a measure of teh total amoaunt of CO2 and CH4 emissions of a defined population, system or activity, considering all relevant sources, sinks and storage within the spatial and temporal boundary of the population, system or activity of interest.
147
strategic environmental assessment
SEA is intended to increase the consideration of environmental issues during decision making. it identifies the significant environmental effects that are likely to result from the implementation of the plan or alternative approaches to the plan.
148
BPEO
The Best Practicable Environmental Option is the idea that there is a unique, supremely beneficial—or least environmentally damaging—method of disposing wastes in a cost-effective manner, in both the short- and long-term
149
TSO
Role of Third Sector Organsiations. this refers to bulky waste
150
adaptive reuse
repurposing an existing structure for new use, used in architecture.
151
recoverability
measures whether products can be recovered after use
152
functionality
average remaining useful life of a product at end-of-use compared to its designed lifetime
153
technological maturity
degree of technological change or cycle of new generations of product
154
components
number of unique parts of different materials in product
155
level of integration
independence of product components
156
KPI's
key performance indicators, used to measure performance in a repeatable way that will produce results which can be reliably compared
157
agricultural production
food losses dur to mechanical damage and/or spillage during harvest operation
158
food processing
food losses including losses and wastes in the market system
159
food consumption
food waste including losses and waste during consumption at the household level
160
circular economy Ian
a circular economy is al alternative to a traditional linear economy (make, use, dispose), in which we keep resources in use for as long as possible, extract the maximum value from them whilst in use, then recover and regenerate products and materials at the end of each service life.
161
cascading, circular economy
diversified re-use across the value chain, substituting previously used virgin materials with existing materials.
162
urban mining
process of reclaiming compounds and elements from products, buildings and waste
163
Artificial intelligence
the science of making inanimate objects smart
164
sustainable development
meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
165
MFA material flow analysis
method takes into account the consideration of the “metabolic” system of waste management, which means monitoring waste flows and substances within the model for waste management, and examining all inputs and outputs in the system
