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NRSG265 > Definitions > Flashcards

Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

what is diabetes mellitus?

A

group of metabolic diseases charcaterised by hyperglycaemia due to defects with insulin secretion, insulin action or both

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2
Q

what is epilepsy

A

chronic neurological disorder characterised by recurrent seizures

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3
Q

what is a stroke

A
  • acute neurologic injury that occurs as a result of a blockage or a bleed within the brain
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4
Q

whats a Acquired brain injury

A

refers to any damage to the brain after birth

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5
Q

what is chornic stable agina

A

refers to chest pain that occurs intermittently over a long period with the same pattern of onest, duration and intensity of symptoms

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6
Q

what is angina

A
  • myocardial oxygen demands - oxygen supply to the myocardium
  • angina is the term for chest pain
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7
Q

what is coronary artery disease

A

leads to ischaemia caused by narrowed heart arteries that supply blood to the heart muscles

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8
Q

what is arterial blood gases

A

the arterial blood gas is a lab test used to measure the body’s acid base balance and oxygenation within the arterial blood

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9
Q

what is pneumonia

A

inflammation of lung parenchyma which causes an alteration in gas exchange

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10
Q

what is alkalosis

A

condition resulting from a higher than normal level of base in the blood and tissue

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11
Q

what is metabolic acidosis

A

condition of low blood pH resulting from excess acid produced or loss of base

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12
Q

what is respiratory acidosis

A

condition of low blood pH resulting from respiratory dysfunction - CO2 cannot be effectively removed by the lungs - CO2 accumulate in the blood - more acidic

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13
Q

what is respiratory alkalosis

A

condition of high pH due to excessive ventilation, resulting in excess excretion of CO2 from the lungs - less H+ - more alkalotic.

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14
Q

what is acidosis

A

condition resulting from higher than normal acid levels in the blood and tissues

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15
Q

what is pH

A

measurement of free H+
pH is measured according to the amount of H+ present

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16
Q

what is COPD (chornic obstructive pulmonary disease)

A

common, preventable and treatable disease that is characterised by persistant respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation that is due to airway or alveolar abnormalities usally caused by signficant exposure to particles or gases

17
Q

what is asthma

A

heterogenous disease characterised by chronic ariway inflammation

18
Q

what is a antagonist

A

chemical/ drug which binds to receptors and prevents the activation of a receptor - blocks a response from the cell/ tissue

19
Q

what is an agonist

A
  • chemical/ drug which binds to receptors and activates it - triggers a response
20
Q

what are receptors

A

a protein molecule found on the surface of a cell, and recieve chemical signals to produce a response from the cell

21
Q

what is inflammation

A

the inflammatory response is a defense mechanism activated in response to cell and tissue injury

22
Q

what is type 1 diabetes

A
  • results from beta cell destruction
  • severe or absolute insulin deficiency
  • chronic hyperglycaemia
23
Q

what is type 2 diabetes

A
  • caused by insulin resistance at target tissues
  • relative insulin deficiency
  • hyperglycaemia
24
Q

what is gestational diabetes

A
  • the development of glucose intolerance during pregnancy
  • risk of progression to t2d
25
Q

preventers

what are corticosteroids

A
  • anti-inflammatory drugs used to decrease airway inflammation
  • inhaled or taken orally
26
Q

what is metabolic alkalosis

A

condition of high pH resulting from excessive retention of HCO3 or loss H+

27
Q

what is compensation

A

the attempt by the body to maintain homeostasis by correcting the pH

28
Q

what is respiratory system

A

will reflect changes in respiratory activity - CO2 level is an indicator of respiratory acid base balance

29
Q

what is renal (metabolic) system

A

will reflect changes in metabolic activity - HCO3 level is an indicator of metabolic acid base balance

30
Q

what is acute coronary syndrome

A

when ischaemia is prolonged and not immediately reverisble

31
Q

what is cardiovascular disease

A

condition or disease involving the heart or vessels/ circulation

NRSG265 (9 decks)

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