Definitions

Question 1

Urine flow greater than normal. (>1mL/min) in an adult

Answer 1

diuresis

Question 2

urine flow greater than normal due to the presence of an unreabsorbed solute in the urine. (like glucose in a diabetic)

Answer 2

osmotic diuresis

Question 3

urine flow greater than normal due to decreased reabsorption of water. (typically due to excess intake of water/alcohol) Urine would be LESS osmotic than plasma.

Answer 3

water diuresis

Question 4

urine flow less than normal (<0.5mL/min) in an adult. This would be hyperosmotic urine relative to plasma

Answer 4

antidiuresis

Question 5

concentration of discrete particles in solution expressed as mOsm/Kg H2O. It is independent of the charge, mass, or size of particle.

Answer 5

osmolality (concerned with the number of particles in the water!!)

Question 6

number of particles PER LITER OF TOTAL SOLUTION

Answer 6

osmolarity (pertains to fluid)

Question 7

a solution that is equal to the osmolality of the reference solution, which in our case is usually plasma (290 mOsm)

Answer 7

isosmotic

Question 8

a solution with an osmolality greater than that of plasma

Answer 8

hyperosmotic

Question 9

what is the normal osmolality of plasma?

Answer 9

290mOsm

Question 10

what is the maximum osmolality possible for the urine of an adult human?

Answer 10

1200 mOsm

Question 11

A solution with an osmolality less than plasma?

Answer 11

hyposmotic

Question 12

What is the cutoff for low osmolality?

Answer 12

<50 mOsm