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Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Archaea

A

One of two Prokaryotic Domains

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2
Q

Bacteria

A

One of two Prokaryotic Domains

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3
Q

Eukarya

A

Domain including all eukaryotic organisms

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4
Q

Domain

A

Taxonomic level above kingdom, includes Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya

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5
Q

Kingdom

A

Second broadest category taxonomic category

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6
Q

Genus

A

Taxonomic category: above the species level, first word of scientific name

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7
Q

Species

A

Population or group of populations who’s members can interbreed and produce viable offspring

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8
Q

Prokarya

A

Kingdom made up of unicellular, non membrane bound organelles

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9
Q

Nucleus

A

Organelle of a eukaryotic cell containing genetic ion in the form of chromosomes made up of chromatin

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10
Q

Cladogram

A

Branching diagram showing the cladistic relationship between a number of species

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11
Q

Monomer

A

The subunit that serves as a building block of a polymer

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12
Q

Polymer

A

A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers

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13
Q

Dehydration synthesis

A

A chemical reaction in which two molecules become covalent bonded with removal of water

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14
Q

Hydroloysis Reaction

A

Reaction that breaks bonds between two molecules by the addition of water

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15
Q

Amphiphilic

A

Having both hydrophobic region and hydrophobic region

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16
Q

Covalent Bond

A

A strong chemical bond in which atoms differ in electronegativity

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17
Q

Hydrogen bond

A

Weak chemical bond formed when slightly positive hydro atom is attracted to slightly negative negative atom

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18
Q

Saturated vs Unsaturdated

A

Saturated solid at room temp, and has no carbon-carbon double bond

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19
Q

Hydrocarbon

A

An organic molecule consisting of only carbon and hydrogen

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20
Q

Phagocytosis

A

When the cell uptakes a substance or organism, Cell eating

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21
Q

Exocytosis

A

Cellular secretion of biological molecules by the fusion of vesicles to the plasma membrane

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22
Q

Endocytosis

A

Cellular uptake of biological molecules and particulate matter via formation of vesicles from the plasma membrane

23
Q

Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis

A

The movement of specific molecules into a cell by the inward budding of vesicles containing proteins with receptor sites specific to the molecules being taken in

24
Q

Fluid Mosaic Model

A

The currently accepted model of cell membrane

25
Integral membrane protein
A transmembrane protein with hydrophobic regions that extend into and often completely span the hydrophobic interior of the membrane and with hydrophobic interior of the membrane and with hydrophilic regions in contact with the aqueous solution on one or both sides of the membrane
26
Peripheral Membrane Protein
A protein loosely bound to the surface of a membrane or to part of an integral protein and not embedded in the lipid bilayer
27
Amphiphilic Molecule
Molecule having both hydrophilic region and hydrophobic region
28
Hypotonic
A solution that when surrounding a cell will cause the cell to take up water
29
Hypertonic
A solution that when surrounding a cell will cause the cell to lose water
30
Isotonic
A solution that, when surrounding a cell, causes no net movement of water into or out of the cell
31
Active Transport
Movement of a substance across a cell membrane against its concentration or electrochemical gradient, mediated by specific transport proteins and requiring an expenditure of energy
32
Passive Transport
The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane with no expenditure of energy
33
Electrochemical Gradient
The diffusion gradient of an ion, which is affected by both the concentration differences of an ion across a membrane and the ions tendency to move relative to the membrane potential
34
Electrogenetic Pump
An active transport protein that generates voltage across a membrane while pumping ions
35
Proton Pump
An active transport protein in a cell membrane that uses ATP to transport hydrogen ions out of a cell agains their concentration gradient, generating a membrane potential
36
Cotransport
The coupling of the downhill diffusion of one substance to the uphill transport of another against its own concentration gradient
37
Selective Permeability
A property of biological membranes that allows them to regulation the passage of substances across them
38
Gated Ion Channels
A gated channel for a specific ion. Opening or closing of this gate may affect a cells charge
39
Membrane Potential
The difference in electrical charge across a cell plasma membrane due to the differential distribution of ions
40
Clathrin
Protein that plays a major role in forming vesicles
41
Prokaryote
A type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane closed organelles. Bacteria and archaea
42
Gram Positive
Describing the group of bacteria that have a cell wall that is structurally less complex and contains more peptidoglycan than the cell wall of a gram negative bacteria
43
Gram Negative
Describing the group of bacteria that have a cell wall that is structurally more complex and contains less peptidoglycan than the cell wall of a gram positive bacteria
44
Peptidoglycan
A type of polymer in bacteria cell walls consisting of modified sugars cross linked by shot polypeptides
45
Penicillin
An antibiotic
46
Periplasmic Space
The space in between two membranes like in Gram negative bacteria
47
Outer Membrane
Found in gram negative bacteria
48
Teichoic Acid
Present in peptiglycan layer and prevents bacteria from heat
49
Inner Membrane
Membrane below peptiglycan layer in gram negative bacteria
50
Nucleoid Region
A non membrane bounded region in a prokaryotic cell where DNA is concentrated
51
Flagella
A long cellular appendage specialize for locomotion
52
Flagellin
Protein that arranges itself to make the flagella
53
Basal Aparatus
Eukaryotic cell structure consisting of arragments of microtubule triplets
54
LPS Layer
Also known as endotoxin layer, large molecules consisting of a lipid and a polysaccharide covalently bonded. Outer membrane of gram negative bacteria, protects cell and increases charge.

Biology 107 (4 decks)

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