Definitions

Question 1

atom

Answer 1

the basic unitof matter andthe smallest particlethat retains itscharacteristics in a chemical reaction

Question 2

charge separation

Answer 2

the imbalance of charges between two locations (also known as ‘static electricity’)

Question 3

conductor

Answer 3

a material that has free electrons and allows electrons to flow through it

Question 4

electric current

Answer 4

the flow of charges from one location to another, measured in amperes (A)

Question 5

electrical resistance

Answer 5

the opposition to electron flow provided by a material, measured in ohms (Ω)

Question 6

elementary charge

Answer 6

the size of the charge of a single electron or proton

Question 7

EMF

Answer 7

the energy (per unit charge) provided to a circuit by a power source, measured in volts (V)

Question 8

energy

Answer 8

the ability to do work, measured in joules (J)

Question 9

free electron

Answer 9

an electron that is not tightly held by its nucleus

Question 10

insulator

Answer 10

a material that does not have free electrons and typically does not allow charge to flow through it

Question 11

ion

Answer 11

a particle that has a positive or negative charge

Question 12

load

Answer 12

any part of an electrical circuit that transforms electrical potential energy into another kind of energy

Question 13

potential difference

Answer 13

the energy (per unit charge) transformed by a load, measured in volts (V)

Question 14

power

Answer 14

the amount of energy that is transformed by a load every second

Question 15

resistor

Answer 15

an object that resists the flow of electrons

Question 16

ecosystem

Answer 16

Acommunity of organisms, their physical environment, and the interaction that happens between them.

Question 17

community

Answer 17

All of the populations of different species that live in the same area and interact with one another.

Question 18

population

Answer 18

A group of individuals of the same species living in one area at one time.

Question 19

adaptation

Answer 19

A feature that enhances an organism’s chance of survival.

Question 20

symbiosis

Answer 20

An interspecific interaction in which the differentspecies live together in a long term relationship.

Question 21

disease

Answer 21

an abnormal condition of an organism which interrupts the normal bodily functions

Question 22

pathogen

Answer 22

biological agents that cause disease (some are living, some are non-living)

Question 23

sign

Answer 23

can be detected (seen) or measured by another individual

Question 24

symptom

Answer 24

is experienced or felt by the individual affected by the disease

Question 25

prevention

Answer 25

inhibiting the introduction of a disease into an area, population or individual

Question 26

treatment

Answer 26

the use of an agent or procedure (such as a drug or surgery) in an attempt to cure or mitigate a disease condition

Question 27

epidemic

Answer 27

the occurrence of more cases of a disease than would be expected in a community, country or region during a given period

Question 28

pandemic

Answer 28

an epidemic of a disease that has spread across a large region (e.g. multiple continents or worldwide)

Question 29

vaccination

Answer 29

treatment with a vaccine (a substance that contain a weakened or dead pathogen which is injected in order to stimulate the immune response) to produce immunity to a particular infectious disease or pathogen

Question 30

ecology

Answer 30

the study of the relationships between living things and their environment. 

Question 31

environment

Answer 31

all of the living and non living factors that affect the survival of an organism in its living place.

Question 32

habitat

Answer 32

the living place of an organism

Question 33

biodiversity

Answer 33

the total variety of organisms, habitats, communities and ecological processes

Question 34

predator

Answer 34

an organism that consume other organisms (prey) that they actively hunt

Question 35

producer

Answer 35

organisms that make their own energy-rich molecules (e.g. glucose) by using the Sun’s energy to convert simple molecules into larger energy-rich molecules

Question 36

consumer

Answer 36

organisms that get their energy from the food they eat

Question 37

decomposer

Answer 37

organisms that break down energy rich molecules (e.g. glucose) in dead organisms and the wastes of organisms into simple molecules and so help to recycle matter.

Question 38

competition

Answer 38

when organisms struggle for the same resource