definitions Flashcards

1
Q

overgrowth of terminal parts of skeletal system after epiphyseal fusion as a result of overprod of growth hormone

A

acromegaly

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2
Q

presence of endometrial tissue in myometrium

A

adenomyosis

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3
Q

uterine appendages, incl. fallopian tubes, ovaries, and associated ligaments

A

adnexae

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4
Q

congenital or acquired increase in # of cells of adrenal cortex, occurring bilaterally and resulting in excessive excretion of 17-ketosteroids with signs of virilization

A

adrenal hyperplasia

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5
Q

failure of menarche to occur by 16th year of life

A

primary amenorrhea

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6
Q

separation of normally implanted placenta from its uterine attachment after 20th week of pregnancy and before birth. usually 3rd trimester

A

abruptio placentae

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7
Q

absence of menses for 3+ months after menarche

A

secondary amenorrhea

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8
Q

Aspiration of amniotic fluid, usually TA, for dx or tx purposes

A

amniocentesis

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9
Q

fluid confined by amnion

A

amniotic fluid

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10
Q

characteristics include primary amenorrhea, female phenotype, testes instead of ovaries, absence of uterus, and male genotype

A

androgen insensitivity syndrome

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11
Q

excessive number of X in circulation caused primarily by deficiency of folic acid, vit B12, or both

A

anemia, megaloblastic

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12
Q

MC cause of microcytic anemia

A

anemia, iron deficiency

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13
Q

eating d/o characterized by altered body image and marked reduction in intake of food, caused by psychogenic factors and leading to malnutrition and amenorrhea

A

anorexia nervosa

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14
Q

irregular uterine bleeding that occurs in absence of ovulation

A

anovulatory bleeding

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15
Q

before labor or delivery

A

antepartum

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16
Q

physical assessment of newborn usually performed at 1 and 5 minutes, used to determine need for resuscitation

A

Apgar Score

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17
Q

ascites

A

abnormal accumulation of fluid in peritoneal cavity

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18
Q

loss of uterine muscle tone, which result in failure of labor to progress or PPH

A

atony, uterine

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19
Q

sex chromatin masses on nuclear membrane. number of Q is one fewer than number of X chromosomes

A

Barr bodies

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20
Q

cystic swelling of a Q gland caused by obstruction of duct

A

Bartholin cyst

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21
Q

pair of glands located at 4k and 8k positions on the vulvo-vaginal rim

A

Bartholin glands

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22
Q

oral temp at rest, used for ovulation

A

Basal body temperature

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23
Q

most common germ cell tumor, consisting of all 3 germ layers

A

benign cystic teratoma OR dermoid cyst

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24
Q

physical assessment of fetus, incl. US eval of fetal movement, tone, amniotic fluid volume, and electronic fetal heart monitoring

A

biophysical profile

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25
Q

graph showing BBT in the luteal phase that is higher than normal

A

biphasic temperature curve

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26
Q

circulation by which fetus exchanges nutrients and waste products with mother

A

blood flow, uteroplacental

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27
Q

endometrial bleeding that occurs at inappropriate times during use of OCPS

A

breakthrough bleeding

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28
Q

the buttocks

A

breech

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29
Q

clinical (info obtained from surgery or biopsy) and pathological eval of the extent and severity of the cancer

A

cancer staging

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30
Q

neoplasm in which tumor cells are confined by the basement membrane of the epithelium of origin

A

carcinoma in situ

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31
Q

birth of the fetus thru incisions main in abdomen and uterine wall

A

Cesarean delivery

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32
Q

irregular brownish patches of various sizes that appear on the face during pregnancy and or during use of OCPs

A

chloasma

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33
Q

inflammation of fetal membranes

A

chorioamnionitis

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34
Q

malignant tumor composed of sheets of cellular and syncytial trophoblast

A

choriocarcinoma

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35
Q

transcervical or transadominal sampling of X for cytogenic eval of the fetus

A

chorionic villus sampling

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36
Q

period of life or the sx of endocrine, somatic, and psychic changes that occur in women during transition from repro to non repro state

A

climacteric

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37
Q

ligand, SERM. stimulates maturation of follicles and thereby ovulation as a result of its antiestrogenic effect on hypothalamus

A

clomiphene

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38
Q

withdrawal of penis during coitus before ejaculation

A

coitus interruptus

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39
Q

surgical procedure used to repair a cystocele

A

anterior colporrhaphy

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40
Q

surgical procedure used to repair a rectocele

A

posterior colporrhaphy

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41
Q

examination of vagina and cervix by means of an instrument that provides low mag

A

colposcopy

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42
Q

benign, cauliflower like growth on the genitalia, caused by HPV

A

condyloma acuminatum

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43
Q

cone of cervical tissue excised for histologial examination

A

cone biopsy

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44
Q

prevention of conception

A

contraception

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45
Q

fetal assessment and therapeutic technique in which a needle is passed into the umbilical vessel and blood sampled or tx given

A

cordocentesis

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46
Q

temporary endocrine structure produced at site of ovulation. it is involved in the production of progesterone

A

corpus luteum

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47
Q

pouch-like cavity btwn rectum and uterus, formed by a fold of peritoneum

A

cul-de-sac

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48
Q

scraping of the interior cavity or other surface w/ a

A

curettage

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49
Q

separate curettage of endometrium and endocervix for dx eval. specimens are submitted separately for pathological exam

A

fractional curettage

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50
Q

suction catheter curettage

A

suction curettage

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51
Q

sx complex caused by hypersecretion of glucocorticoids, mineralcorticoids, and sex hormones of the adrenal cortex

A

Cushing syndrome

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52
Q

protrusion of urinary bladder that creates downward bulging of the anterior vaginal wall as a result of the weakening of the pubocervical fascia

A

cystocele

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53
Q

radiogram of the urinary bladder after injection of contrast medium

A

cystogram

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54
Q

msrmnt of function and capacity of urinary bladder by pressure-volume studies, often used to diagnose hyperactive bladder

A

cystometry

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55
Q

identifiable changes in the endometrium and other tissues in response to progesterone

A

decidua

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56
Q

direct endoscopic inspection of interior of urinary bladder

A

cystoscopy

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57
Q

physiologic or instrumental opening of cervix

A

dilation

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58
Q

immunoprotein used for passive immunization to prevent D sensitization of mom when exposed to fetal RBC that may have Rhesus D antigens

A

D immunoglobulin

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59
Q

intravascular coagulation abnormality originally described in the OB complications of abruptio placentae and intrauterine fetal demise

A

disseminated intravascular coagulopathy

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60
Q

simultaneous availability of 2 sterile set-ups for either a vaginal or abdominal delivery

A

double set-up

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61
Q

malignant solid germ cell tumor of the ovary

A

dysgerminoma

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62
Q

IUGR leading to small for dates baby, assoc. with placental insufficiency

A

dysmaturity

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63
Q

painful menstruation.

A

dysmenorrhea

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64
Q

termination of pregnancy by medical or surgical intervention

A

induced abortion

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65
Q

spontaneous termination of a pregnancy before 20th week of gestation

A

spontaneous abortion

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66
Q

incomplete expulsion of the products of conception (retained tissues in uterus)

A

incomplete abortion

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67
Q

dilation of cervical os but no passage of the products of conception

A

inevitable abortion

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68
Q

intrauterine retention of non-viable products of conception

A

missed abortion

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69
Q

3 or more consecutive 1st trimester miscarriages

A

recurrent abortion

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70
Q

any type of miscarriage complicated by infection

A

septic abortion

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71
Q

vaginal bleeding in the presence of closed cervix and viable fetus

A

threatened abortion

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72
Q

difficult or painful intercourse

A

dyspareunia

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73
Q

abnormal or difficult labor

A

dystocia

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74
Q

painful urination

A

dysuria

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75
Q

convulsive form of pregnancy induced hypertension

A

eclampsia

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76
Q

pregnancy located outside of uterine cavity

A

ectopic pregnancy

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77
Q

growth of columnar epithelium of the endocervix onto the ectocervix

A

ectropion OR eversion

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78
Q

thinning or shortening of the cervix

A

effacement

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79
Q

conceptus from blastocyst stage to end of 8th week

A

embryo

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80
Q

procedure of obtaining endometrial tissue for dx purposes

A

endometrial biopsy

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81
Q

presence of endometrial implants outside uterus

A

endometriosis

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82
Q

instrumental visualization of the interior of a hollow viscus

A

endoscopy

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83
Q

herniation of small intestine into the cul-de-sac, usually accompanied by and confused with rectocele

A

enterocele

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84
Q

incision made into the perineum at the time of vaginal delivery

A

episiotomy

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85
Q

exogenous admin. of estrogen or estrogenic substances to overcome deficiency or absence of natural hormone

A

estrogen replacement

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86
Q

continuous and prolonged effect of estrogen on endometrium, resulting from lack of progesterone

A

unopposed estrogen

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87
Q

removal of pelvic viscera, including bladder, the rectum, or both; usually in setting of advanced cervical malignancy

A

exenteration, pelvic

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88
Q

microscopic pattern of NaCl xtls as seen in estrogen stimulated cervical mucus or amniotic fluid

A

fern

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89
Q

conceptus from 8weeks to birth

A

fetus

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90
Q

mammary changes characterized by fibrosis and formation of cysts in the fibrous stroma

A

fibrocystic changes

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91
Q

preliminary stages of sexual relations

A

foreplay

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92
Q

physiological cyst arising from the Graafian follicle or corpus luteum

A

functional ovarian cyst

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93
Q

hormone producing ovarian neoplasm

A

functioning ovarian tumor

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94
Q

spontaneous flow of breast milk in the absence of recent pregnancy

A

galactorrhea

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95
Q

an individual’s understanding of the activity and behavior appropriate to the M or F sex

A

gender role

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96
Q

congenital absence of ovarian tissue or its presence as only a rudimentary streak

A

gonadal agenesis

97
Q

congentially defective development of gonads

A

gonadal dysgenesis

98
Q

glycoprotein hormone that is produced by the synctiotrophoblast and is immunologically similar to LH

A

human chorionic gonadotropin

99
Q

gonadotropin isolated from the urine of postmenopausal women, consisting primarily of FSH with variable amounts of LH, used for ovulation induction

A

human menopausal gonadotropin

100
Q

endocrine organ compound of the anterior gonadotropin secreting compound and the posterior oxytocin secreting compound

A

pituitary gonadotropin

101
Q

feminizing, estrogen-producing ovarian tumor

A

granulosa cell tumor

102
Q

pregnant woman

A

gravida

103
Q

pregnant state, or total # of pregnancies a woman has had, including current

A

gravidity

104
Q

blood in peritoneal cavity

A

hemoperitoneum

105
Q

person who exhibits characteristics of both sexes

A

hermaphrodite

106
Q

development of various degrees of hair growth of male type and distribution in women

A

hirsutism

107
Q

estrogen and progestin replacement therapy

A

hormone replacement therapy

108
Q

vasomotor sx characterized by transient hot sensations

A

hot flashes

109
Q

pathological condition of pregnancy characterized by hydropic degeneration
of chorionic villi and variable degrees of trophoblastic proliferation

A

hydatidiform mole

110
Q

excessive amounts (2+ L) of amniotic fluid at term

A

hydramnios

111
Q

abnorm prolif. of endometrium with marked increase in number of glands

A

hyperplasia, endometrial

112
Q

condition of subnorm estrogen prod. with resultant atrophy or failure of development of estrogen depend. tissues

A

hypoestrogenism

113
Q

deficiency (usually

A

hypofibrinogenemia

114
Q

subnormal production of hormones by the gonads

A

hypogonadism

115
Q

removal of uterine corpus and cervix thru incision made in abdominal wall

A

abdominal hysterectomy

116
Q

removal of uterine corpus, cervix, and parametrium, with dissection of ureters; usually combined with pelvic lymphadenopathy

A

radical hysterectomy

117
Q

combination of laparoscopy with vaginal surgery techniques to remove the uterus and frequently the adnexae

A

laparoscopic assisted vaginal hysterectomy

118
Q

removal of the uterine corpus, leaving the cervix in situ

A

subtotal (supracervical) hysterectomy

119
Q

removal of uterine corpus and cervix (w/o regards to tubes or ovaries)

A

total hysterectomy

120
Q

removal of uterus through the vagina

A

vaginal hysterectomy

121
Q

roentgenongraphy of the uterus and tubes after injection of radiopaque medium

A

hysterosalpingography

122
Q

transcervical endoscopic visualization of endometrial cavity

A

hysteroscopy

123
Q

surgical incision of the wall of uterus

A

hysterotomy

124
Q

failure of the lumen to develop at a point where the budding vagina arises from the urogenital sinus

A

imperforate hymen

125
Q

inability to achieve or sustain penile erection

A

impotence

126
Q

inability to achieve pregnancy with regular intercourse and no contraception (>1 yr)

A

infertility

127
Q

space in the placenta in which maternal blood bathes the chorionic villi, allowing exchange of materials

A

intervillous space

128
Q

benign mammary tumor, often multiple, occurring predominantly in parous women at or shortly before menopause. (assoc. with bleeding)

A

intraductal papilloma

129
Q

device inserted into uterine cavity for contraception

A

intrauterine device

130
Q

fetal death @ GREATER than 500g

A

intrauterine fetal demise (IUFD)

131
Q

small for dates baby, assoc. with placental insufficiency

A

intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)

132
Q

intro of penis into vagina

A

intromission

133
Q

ensuring/maintaining what is considered to be just

A

Justice

134
Q

photographic reproduction of the chromosomes of cell in metaphase

A

karyotype

135
Q

process of expulsion of fetus from uterus

A

labor

136
Q

labor that is initiated artificially

A

induced labor

137
Q

labor that is initiated, usually with oxytocin

A

stimulated labor

138
Q

polypeptide hormone that is produced by syncytiotrophoblast, is similar to prolactin and somatropin from the pituitary, and is involved in carb metabolism by mother and fetus

A

human placental lactogen (hPL)

139
Q

transabdominal endoscopic exam of the peritoneal cavity and its contents after inducing pneumoperitoneum

A

laparoscopy `

140
Q

benign tumor derived from smooth muscle

A

leiomyoma (fibroid)

141
Q

uncommon malignant tumor of the smooth muscle

A

leiomyosarcoma

142
Q

loop electrosurgical excision procedure uses thin, low-voltage electrified wire loop to cut out abnormal cervical tissue to treat surgical dysplasia

A

LEEP

143
Q

an imprecise clinical term usually referring to white lesions of the vulva

A

leukoplakia

144
Q

muscular sheet, consisting of iliococcygeus, pubococcygeus, and puborectalis muscles, which forms most of the pelvic floor (pelvic diaphragm) and supports the pelvic viscera

A

levator muscle

145
Q

sexual desire or urge

A

libido

146
Q

relationshiop of long axis of the fetus to long axis of mother. (longitudinal, transverse, or oblique)

A

lie

147
Q

dense CT that represents union of base of broad ligament to the supravaginal portion of the cervix and laterally to sides of pelvis. primary support of uterus

A

cardinal ligament

148
Q

peritoneal folds containing CT, autonomic nerves, involuntary muscle, arising on each side of the uterus

A

uterosacral ligaments

149
Q

surgical or mechanical interruption of the continuity of the fallopian tubes for the purpose of permanent contraception

A

tubal ligation

150
Q

last menstrual period

A

LMP

151
Q

last normal menstrual period

A

LNMP

152
Q

inflamm of the breast

A

mastitis

153
Q

sexual stimulation by manipulation of the genitals

A

masturbation

154
Q

ratio of parabasal to intermediate to superficial vaginal epithelial cells, which is indication of estrogen effect

A

maturation index

155
Q

condition of fetus weighing 2.5kg or more

A

maturity

156
Q

rupture of amniotic membranes before onset of labor

A

premature rupture of membranes (PROM)

157
Q

onset of menses

A

menarche

158
Q

permanent cessation of menses, caused by ovarian failure

A

menopause

159
Q

excessive or prolonged uterine bleeding occurring at regular intervals

A

menorrhagia

160
Q

reversible change in which one type of adult cell is replaced by another cell type. most common is columnar to squamous

A

metaplasia

161
Q

uterine bleeding occurring at times other than expected menses

A

metrorrhagia

162
Q

an imaginary plane that passes through the pelvis and is defined by three points: inferior margin of symphysis pubis and tips of ischial spines on either side. usually includes smallest dimensions of pelvis

A

midpelvis

163
Q

death of the conceptus btwn greater than 500g and birth

A

fetal mortality

164
Q

death of fetus before birth. must be more than 20 GA or 500g in weight

A

stillbirth

165
Q

death of mom

A

maternal mortality

166
Q

death of infant in first 28 days

A

neonatal mortality

167
Q

death of fetus btwn 20 weeks GA and 28days after birth. The sum of stillbirths and neonatal death

A

perinatal mortality

168
Q

presence in an individual of cells of different chromosomal constitutions

A

mosaicism

169
Q

secretion of cervical mucous glands, its quality and quantity are influenced by progesterone and estrogen. Estrogen makes it abundant and clear and fern pattern upon drying. Progesterone makes it scant, opaque, and cellular

A

mucus, cervical

170
Q

referring to first 28 days of life.

A

neonatal

171
Q

evaluation of the fetus by electronic fetal heart monitoring, not in labor

A

nonstress test

172
Q

infrequent menstruation

A

oligomenorrhea

173
Q

climax of sexual excitement

A

orgasm

174
Q

atrophy of bone caused by demineralization

A

osteoporosis

175
Q

stimulation of ovulation by artificial means

A

ovulation, induction of

176
Q

octapeptide formed in the hypothalamus and stored in posterior lobe of the pituitary.

A

oxytocin

177
Q

cytologic smear of exfoliated cells used in early decetion of cancer

A

Pap smear

178
Q

number of pregnancies of a particular woman in which fetus is over 20w

A

parity

179
Q

floor or sling of pelvic structures

A

pelvic floor

180
Q

infection of pelvic viscera, usually by ascending routes

A

pelvic inflammatory disease

181
Q

imaginary plane passing thru the pelvis that represents the upper boundary of the true pelvis

A

pelvic inlet

182
Q

laparoscopic surgery using multiple small incisions, specialized instruments, and techique

A

pelviscopic surgery

183
Q

pertaining to the combination of fetal and neonatal periods

A

perinatal

184
Q

plastic repair of the perineum

A

perineorrhaphy

185
Q

pelvic floor and associated structures occupying the pelvic outlet

A

perineum

186
Q

device placed in vagina or uterus to support the uterus

A

pessary

187
Q

condition in which the placenta is located in the lower portion of the uterus and covers all or some of the interal os

A

placenta previa

188
Q

previous menstrual period

A

PMP

189
Q

presence of air in the peritoneal cavity

A

pneumoperitoneum

190
Q

syndrome of secondary oligomenorrhea and infertility associated with multiple follicular cysts of ovary and failure to ovulate

A

polycystic ovary syndrome (Stein-Leventhal syndrome)

191
Q

cyclical uterine bleeding that is normal in amount but occurs at less than 24 days apart

A

polymenorrhea

192
Q

relationship of a designated point on the presenting part of the fetus to the maternal pelvis (i.e. LOA)

A

position

193
Q

bleeding from uterus, cervix, or vagina that occurs after menopause

A

postmenopausal bleeding

194
Q

after delivery of childbirth

A

postpartum

195
Q

pregnancy greater than 42 weeks GA

A

postterm pregnancy

196
Q

specific HTN d/o of pregnancy with diagnosis made on HTN w/ proteinuria. usually after 20wks

A

preeclampsia

197
Q

infant born before 37 completed weeks

A

prematurity

198
Q

complex of sx occurring in the progestational phase of cycle

A

premenstrual syndrome

199
Q

portion of the body of the fetus that is coming first in the birth canal

A

presentation

200
Q

woman who is pregnant for first time

A

primigravida

201
Q

condition in which the umbilical cord precedes the presenting part

A

cord prolapse

202
Q

prolapse of the uterus

A

uterine prolapse

203
Q

period betwn the beginning of the development of secondary sex characteristics and the completion of somatic growth

A

puberty

204
Q

lack of appearance of 2nd sex characteristics by 14yo

A

delayed puberty

205
Q

appearance of 2nd sex characteristics before 7.5yrs old

A

precocious puberty

206
Q

period after delivery in which the repro tract returns to its normal, nonpregnant condition

A

puerperium

207
Q

first perception of fetal movement, usually between 16-20 wks

A

Quickening

208
Q

protrusion of rectum thru supporting structures of posterior vaginal wall

A

rectocele

209
Q

retrograde flow of uterine/tubal contents into the abdominal cavity

A

reflux, tubal

210
Q

method of contraception in which coitus is avoided when ovulation is likely

A

rhythm

211
Q

acute exanthematous viral dx that may cause fetal malformation if contracted during the first trimester

A

rubella

212
Q

surgical removal of fallopian tubes

A

salpingectomy

213
Q

surgical removal of fallopian tubes and ovaries

A

salpingo-oophorectomy

214
Q

application of solution of iodine to cervix.

A

Schiller test

215
Q

physical changes that have occurred in response to endocrine changes during puberty

A

secondary sexual characteristics

216
Q

evaluation of the components of semen

A

semen analysis

217
Q

sexual disinterest, unresponsiveness, or aversion

A

sexual dysfunction

218
Q

physiologic and psychologic expression of sexual behavior

A

sexuality

219
Q

test for infertility in which cervical mucus is aspirated after coitus

A

Sim-Huhner test (post coital test)

220
Q

vestibular glands that open into and around the urethra

A

skene glands

221
Q

in OBGYN, a diagnostic aid in which high-frequency sound waves are used to image pelvic structures in pregnant and non pregnant parties

A

ultrasound

222
Q

ability of cervical mucus to be drawn out into thread, characteristically greater in preovulatory and ovulatory phases of cycle

A

Spinnbarkeit

223
Q

location of fetal presenting part relative to ischial spines

A

station

224
Q

absolute inability to procreate

A

sterility

225
Q

involuntary leakage of urine during an increase in intraabdominal pressure

A

stress incontinence

226
Q

streaks or lines seen on the abdominal skin of pregnant woman

A

striae gravidarum

227
Q

hypotensive sx often characterized by sweating, nausea, and tachycardia. occurs in supine position

A

supine hypotensive syndrome

228
Q

agent or factor that produces physical defects in developing embryo

A

teratogen

229
Q

functioning ovarian tumor composed of theca cells

A

thecoma

230
Q

onset of development of breast

A

thelarche

231
Q

period of three months

A

trimester

232
Q

epithelium of chorion, including the covering of the placental villi

A

trophoblast

233
Q

enlarged sebaceous glands of the areolae

A

tubercles, Montgomery

234
Q

protrusion of the urethra through the supporting structure of the anterior wall

A

urethrocele

235
Q

surgical interruption of the vas def for permanent contraceptions

A

vasectomy

236
Q

the condition of fetus weight 500g or more, ability to live independently outside uterus

A

viability

237
Q

development of masculine traits in a femal

A

virilization

238
Q

uterine bleeding after the interruption of hormonal support of the endometrium

A

withdrawal bleeding