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Bio 1020 > Definitions > Flashcards

Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Abiotic

A

non-living things (light, oxygen)

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2
Q

Biotic

A

all living things (animals)

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3
Q

Quantitative

A

numerical recording

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4
Q

Qualitative

A

recording of what we can physically see

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5
Q

Observation

A
  • derive generalizations, often about patterns

- can be quantitative or qualitative

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6
Q

Hypothesis

A

proposed explanation of a phenomenon

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7
Q

Theory

A

broad scope, supported by a large body of evidence that generates testable hypotheses

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8
Q

Hydrophilic

A

has an affinity for water

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9
Q

Hydrophobic

A

does not have an affinity for water

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10
Q

Solution

A

liquid that is a homogeneous mixture of substances

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11
Q

Aqueous solution

A

solutes dissolved in the solvent water

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12
Q

Acid

A

donates a proton to a solution, increasing H+ concentrations of a solution

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13
Q

Base

A

accepts a proton from the solution, decreasing H+ concentrations of a solution

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14
Q

Buffers

A

minimize changes in concentrations of H+ and OH- in a solution

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15
Q

Organic

A

carbon containing compounds

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16
Q

Isomers

A

same # of atoms of each type but different arrangements of atoms

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17
Q

Polymers

A

made of small repeating subunits called monomers

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18
Q

Denaturation

A

loss of 3D structure and loss of proper function

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19
Q

Chaperonins

A

assist proper folding/refolding of other proteins

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20
Q

Nucleotides

A

nucleic acid monomer

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21
Q

Amphipathic

A

describes a molecule with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions

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22
Q

Cytosol

A

gel like aqueous medium inside cells

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23
Q

Selective barrier

A

allows passage of some materials (oxygen, nutrients and waste) and block others

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24
Q

Prokaryote

A

single celled/ unicellular

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25
Eukaryote
single and multicellular forms
26
Stromatolites
layered rock containing fossilized prokaryotes
27
Plasmids
small circular chromosomes of DNA concentrated in a nucleoid of a prokaryote
28
Nuclear envelope
double membrane that encloses the nucleus of eukaryotes
29
Nuclear lamina
network of proteins on the inside face of the nucleus of eukaryotes that maintains shape
30
Nuclear pores
openings in the membrane of the nucleus of eukaryotes that allows material to enter and leave
31
Chromatin
DNA is bundled with proteins in this compact form
32
Nucleolus/nucleoli
dense granules of ribosomal RNA and proteins during interphase
33
Lumen
space inside the endoplasmic reticulum
34
Cisternae
flattened membranous sacs of the golgi apparatus
35
Vacuoles
vesicles from the plasma membrane, ER or Golgi
36
Lysosomes
membranous sac of hydrolytic enzymes
37
Chloroplasts
sites of photosynthesis in plants and algae
38
Thylakoids:
flattened and connected sacs that are stacked into grana
39
Stroma:
fluid outside the thylakoids that contain DNA and ribosomes
40
Endosymbiosis
relationship between two organisms where one lives inside another
41
Cytoskeleton
network of fibers extending throughout the cytosol
42
Collagens
major protein embedded in proteoglycans
43
Proteoglycans
consists of proteins and carbohydrates
44
Diffusion
spontaneous movement of molecules from high concentrations to low concentrations without energy (ATP) input
45
Osmosis
diffusion of water
46
Dynamic equilibrium
as many molecules cross in one direction as cross in the other direction *no net difference*
47
Aquaporins
channel proteins for facilitated diffusion of water across fatty acid tails
48
Tonicity
relative total solute concentration difference that can lead to osmosis
49
Osmotic pressure
external pressure that would have to be applied to push the water on the higher side down to equalize height
50
Passive transport
with the concentration gradient, does not require ATP, releases energy
51
Active transport
against the concentration gradient, requires ATP
52
Membrane potential
difference in positive and negative ions across the membrane (often more negative inside the cell)
53
Metabolism
sum of chemical reactions in cells where energy is converted from one form to another
54
Catabolism
- large molecules are broken into smaller ones, releasing energy that will be used to generate ATP for anabolic reactions - exergonic reactions
55
Anabolism
building large molecules from small ones, which requires energy from catabolic reactions -endergonic reactions
56
Cofactors
nonprotein enzyme helper (coenzyme)
57
Free energy (G)
energy in a system that can be used to do work
58
Energy of activation
energy that must be absorbed for the reaction to reach the transition state
59
Reduction
gains an electron (becomes more negative)
60
Oxidation
loses an electron (becomes more positive)
61
Phosphorylation
-transfer of phosphate from one molecule to another (substrate level phosphorylation) ADP+Pi+energy = ATP
62
Dephosphorylation
-transfer of phosphate from one molecule to another (substrate level phosphorylation) ATP = ADP+Pi+energy
63
Hydrolysis
water added to the reaction
64
Dehydration
water released from the reaction

Bio 1020 (7 decks)

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