Definitions and Terminology

Question 1

anterior

Answer 1

front of the body

Question 2

posterior

Answer 2

back of the body

Question 3

epi-
-gastric

Answer 3

epi - above
gastric - refers to stomach

Question 4

costal

Answer 4

rib

Question 5

mid clavicular line

Answer 5

line down middle (between the middle of clavicle)

Question 6

pylorus

Answer 6

part of stomach

Question 7

distal

Answer 7

end part of

Question 8

sagittal plane
transverse
coronal

Answer 8

sagittal: splits body in half top to bottom
transverse: across wise cut (horizontally)
coronal: “crown” splits back to front

Question 9

Medial and Lateral

Answer 9

Medial → Towards the center
Lateral → Away from the center

Question 10

Superior / Inferior

Answer 10

Superior → Above
Inferior → Below

Question 11

Proximal / Distal

Answer 11

Proximal → Closer to the start of a structure (e.g., start of a vessel)
Distal → Further away from the start of a structure

Question 12

Origin / Terminal

Answer 12

Origin → Beginning of a structure
Terminal → End of a structure

Question 13

Anterior / Posterior

Answer 13

Anterior (Ventral) → Front
Posterior (Dorsal) → Back

Question 14

Afferent / Efferent

Answer 14

Afferent → Carrying toward a center (e.g., CNS)
Efferent → Carrying away from a center

Question 15

Superficial / Deep

Answer 15

Superficial → Closer to the surface
Deep → Further from the surface

Question 16

Internal / External

Answer 16

Internal → Inside (e.g., internal muscles)
External → Outside (e.g., external intercostal muscles)

Question 17

Origin

Answer 17

fixed muscle

Question 18

Insertion

Answer 18

moves with contraction

Question 19

Flexion / Extension

Answer 19

Flexion → Bending movement, decreases the angle of a joint
Extension → Opposite of flexion, increases the angle of a joint

Question 20

What is Abduction?

Answer 20

Moving away from the midline

Question 20

What is Adduction?

Answer 20

Moving toward the midline

Question 21

What is Circumduction?

Answer 21

The distal end of a limb moves in a circular motion

Question 22

What is Rotation?

Answer 22

Turning a bone around its own long axis

Question 23

What is Medial Rotation?

Answer 23

Rotates toward the midline

Question 24

What is Lateral Rotation?

Answer 24

Rotates away from the midline

Question 25

What is Supination?

Answer 25

Rotating the forearm (ulna and radius) so the thumb is lateral, palm facing anteriorly

Question 26

What is Pronation?

Answer 26

Rotating the forearm (ulna and radius) so the thumb is medial, palm facing posteriorly

Question 27

What is Opposition?

Answer 27

Thumb touches fingertips on the same hand

Question 28

What is Protraction?

Answer 28

Anterior movement

Question 29

What is Retraction?

Answer 29

Posterior movement

Question 30

What is Inversion?

Answer 30

Sole of the foot (big toe/hallux) turns medially (inside)

Question 31

What is Eversion?

Answer 31

Sole of the foot turns laterally

Question 32

What is Dorsiflexion?

Answer 32

Lifting toes towards the shin

Question 33

What is Plantar Flexion?

Answer 33

Pointing toes toward the ground

Question 34

What are the two main body cavities?

Answer 34

Dorsal Body Cavity and Ventral Body Cavity

Question 35

What is the Dorsal Body Cavity?

Answer 35

Contains the Cranial Cavity (within the skull) and Vertebral Cavity (within the vertebral column)

Question 36

What is the Ventral Body Cavity?

Answer 36

Contains the Thoracic Cavity (contains the heart and lungs)

Question 37

What is the Dorsal Body Cavity?

Answer 37

The Dorsal Body Cavity consists of the Cranial Cavity and the Vertebral Cavity.

Question 38

Where is the Cranial Cavity located?

Answer 38

The Cranial Cavity is located within the skull.

Question 39

Where is the Vertebral Cavity located?

Answer 39

The Vertebral Cavity is located within the vertebral column.

Question 40

What is the Ventral Body Cavity?

Answer 40

The Ventral Body Cavity consists of the Thoracic Cavity, Abdominal Cavity, and Pelvic Cavity.

Question 41

What does the Thoracic Cavity contain?

Answer 41

The Thoracic Cavity contains the heart and lungs.

Question 42

What does the Abdominal Cavity contain?

Answer 42

The Abdominal Cavity contains the stomach, intestines, kidneys, and liver.

Question 43

What does the Pelvic Cavity contain?

Answer 43

The Pelvic Cavity contains the urinary bladder, some reproductive organs, and the rectum.

Question 44

What are the Cephalic and Cervical body regions?

Answer 44

Cephalic refers to the head, and Cervical refers to the neck.

Question 45

What are the Thoracic and Abdominal body regions?

Answer 45

Thoracic refers to the chest, and Abdominal refers to the tummy.

Question 46

What is the Axillary Region?

Answer 46

The Axillary Region refers to the armpit.

Question 47

What is the Brachial Region?

Answer 47

The Brachial Region refers to the arm.

Question 48

What is the Carpal Region?

Answer 48

The Carpal Region refers to the wrist.

Question 49

What is the Palmar Region?

Answer 49

The Palmar Region refers to the palm.

Question 50

What is Pollex?

Answer 50

Pollex refers to the thumb.

Question 51

What is the Digital / Phalangeal Region?

Answer 51

The Digital / Phalangeal Region refers to the fingers.

Question 52

What is the Femoral Region?

Answer 52

The Femoral Region refers to the thigh.

Question 53

What is the Patella?

Answer 53

The Patella refers to the knee cap.

Question 54

What is the Tarsus?

Answer 54

The Tarsus refers to the ankle.

Question 55

What is the Digital / Phalangeal Region in the lower limb?

Answer 55

The Digital / Phalangeal Region refers to the toes.

Question 56

What is Hallux?

Answer 56

Hallux refers to the big toe.

Question 57

What does the prefix Epi- mean?

Answer 57

Epi- means on or upon.

Question 58

What does the prefix Para- mean?

Answer 58

Para- means beside.

Question 59

What do the prefixes Infra- and Hypo- mean?

Answer 59

Infra- and Hypo- mean beneath.

Question 60

What does the prefix Supra- mean?

Answer 60

Supra- means above.

Question 61

Nine abdominal regions

Answer 61

🟦 Right Hypochondriac → Liver, gallbladder 🟦 Epigastric → Stomach, pancreas 🟦 Left Hypochondriac → Spleen, stomach 🟩 Right Lumbar → Ascending colon, right kidney 🟩 Umbilical → Small intestine, transverse colon 🟩 Left Lumbar → Descending colon, left kidney 🟨 Right Iliac (Inguinal) → Appendix, cecum 🟨 Hypogastric (Pubic) → Bladder, reproductive organs 🟨 Left Iliac (Inguinal) → Sigmoid colon